Effects of dietary protein at two lipid levels on growth, gonadal development, body composition and liver metabolic enzymes of brown trout (<i>Salmo trutta fario</i>) broodstock

Wang, Chang‐An; Guo, Hongwei; Sun, Peng; Wang, Bingqian; Xu, Qiyou; Liu, Hongbai

doi:10.1111/anu.12795

Cited by 30 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Moreover, when sh are offered diets with a protein content below the requirement level, they would consume more feed to gain su cient protein needed for supporting growth and metabolism while at optimum or higher dietary protein levels lesser diet would be needed. Our results revealed the enhancement of FE as protein and lipid levels increased which is consistent with studies on masu salmon [33], Manchurian trout [30], brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) [34], Japanese seabass (Lateolabrax japonicus) [7] and black seabass (Centropristis striata) [35]. Xu et al [30] showed that enhancing fat content of feed from 8 to 16% enhances PER in Manchurian trout at dietary protein levels of 40-45%.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effects of Dietary Protein and Lipid Levels on Growth, Body Composition, Blood Biochemistry, Antioxidant Capacity and Ammonia Excretion of European Grayling (Thymallus Thymallus)

Dąbrowski

Izquierdo

Malinovskyi

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: This study evaluated growth, body composition, blood biochemistry, antioxidant capacity, innate immunity and ammonia excretion of European grayling (Thymallus thymallus) fed diets containing different protein and lipid contents. Six diets were produced to contain 30, 40 or 50% protein with 10 or 20% lipid and fed to triplicate groups (100 fish per replicate) of fish (25.2 ± 0.28 g) to visual satiety twice daily for 12 weeks. Results: Fish growth was enhanced (P ˂ 0.05) as protein increased from 30 to 40% and plateaued thereafter. Enhancing protein and lipid content of diet led to reduced feed intake and improved feed efficiency. Moreover, protein efficiency ratio increased at higher lipid level while lower values were recorded at higher protein levels. Increasing dietary lipid content led to the enhancement of viscerosomatic index and intraperitoneal fat ratio. An interaction of protein and lipid was found on whole-body lipid, and muscle lipid was responsive to dietary lipid level. Muscle ARA, EPA and Ʃn-6 LC-PUFA contents enhanced by increasing dietary protein level. Moreover, increasing fat content of diet led to enhanced muscle linoleic acid, linolenic acid, ƩMUFA, Ʃn-6, DHA/EPA and n-6/n-3. However, EPA, DHA, Ʃn-6 LC-PUFA, Ʃn-3, Ʃn-3 LC-PUFA and EPA/ARA decreased at higher dietary lipid level. Serum triglyceride (TG) concentration and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity decreased as dietary protein level increased while an opposite effect was observed for cholesterol (CHO) concentration. Increasing fat content of diet led to enhanced serum TG, CHO and glucose concentrations and reduced alanine aminotransferase, aspartate amino transferase and LDH activities. Serum malondialdehyde concentration was enhanced by increasing both dietary protein and lipid contents. Furthermore, serum myeloperoxidase activity was enhanced at higher dietary lipid level. Water total ammonium nitrogen (TAN) concentration was measured after 5 and 24 h of last feeding, and the results indicated the reduction of ammonia excretion as dietary lipid content increased. Conclusions: These findings suggest that 40% dietary protein can support optimal growth of juvenile European grayling and increasing lipid content from 10 to 20% can improve feed utilization and reduce ammonia excretion to the rearing water.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effects of Dietary Protein and Lipid Levels on Growth, Body Composition, Blood Biochemistry, Antioxidant Capacity and Ammonia Excretion of European Grayling (Thymallus Thymallus)

Dąbrowski

Izquierdo

Malinovskyi

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…On the contrary, the activity of hepatic ALT was not affected by the dietary protein level, indicating that protein catabolism was the same irrespective of the dietary protein level. This observation is not in line with data reported by other authors, who described a positive relationship between amino acid degradation by hepatic ALT and dietary protein intake (Fernández et al, 2007; Gaye‐Siessegger et al, 2006; Wang et al, 2018). The unresponsiveness of the hepatic ALT enzyme to the different protein levels in this study may have been related to the fact that protease trypsin and chymotrypsin activities were enhanced by lower dietary protein levels.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

Physiological and metabolic protein‐sparing effects of dietary lipids on common snookCentropomus undecimalis(Bloch, 1792) juveniles

Arenas

Álvarez‐González

Barreto³

et al. 2021

Aquacult Nutr

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Carnivorous common snook (Centropomus undecimalis) has potential for aquaculture, but its protein requirement in diet is 500 g kg−1 and the energetic role of lipids in this species has not been explored. Thus, this study investigated the ability of juvenile common snook (8.7 ± 1.2 g) to use dietary lipids as an energy source. The fish were fed four practical diets with two protein levels (400 and 500 g kg−1) associated with two lipid levels (60 and 120 g kg−1) for 12 weeks. Growth performance significantly improved with increasing dietary lipid levels, but no significant difference was observed at the protein level. Fish fed the 400:60 (protein: lipid level) diet exhibited significantly higher feed conversion ratios than those fed 400:120, 500:60 and 500:120 diets, but fish fed the 400:120 diet had significantly higher protein efficiency ratios. Juvenile common snook showed the ability to modulate digestive protease and lipase secretion when dietary protein or lipid levels were modified. The activity of alanine aminotransferase decreased as the dietary lipid level increased (p < .05), while fructose‐1 and 6‐bisphosphatase activities were not significantly affected by dietary protein or lipid levels. Glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase, 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase activities increased as dietary protein and lipid levels increased (p < .05). The results of this study indicate that an increase in dietary lipid level has a protein‐sparing effect and that the diet containing 400 g kg−1 protein with 120 g kg−1 lipid is suitable for growth and effective protein utilization in common snook.

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“…Although amino acids are the preferential energy substrate for fish (Jia et al 2017), it has been shown that an increase of non-protein energy (lipid oH carbohydrates) in the diet can reduce dietary amino acid catabolism in some fish (Fernández et al 2007, Enes et al 2008, Wang et al 2018). In the present study, the amino acid catabolism enzyme ALT was not affected by dietary lipid content changes.…”

Section: Liver Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of protein: lipid ratio on growth, feed efficiency, and metabolic response in juvenile yellowtail snapper Ocyurus chrysurus (Bloch, 1791)

Arenas

Álvarez-González²,

Barreto

et al. 2021

Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Res.

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This study was conducted to evaluate juveniles' Ocyurus chrysurus (13.7 ± 0.45 g initial weight) to utilize lipid as an energy source on growth, feed efficiency, body composition, digestive and hepatic enzyme activities. Four diets of two protein levels (40 and 50%) with two lipid levels (6 and 12%) and 2% of digestible carbohydrates were formulated. Fish were fed for 60 days to apparent satiation at a stocking density of 10 fish per tank (100 L). Growth gain of fish fed 50% dietary protein was higher than of fish fed 40% dietary protein (P < 0.05). However, feed efficiency was significantly higher at 12 than 6% of dietary lipid. Whole-body lipid and glycogen in the liver increased dramatically with dietary lipid content-alkaline protease activity trend increased as dietary protein increased. Trypsin activity increased significantly as dietary lipid decreased, whereas chymotrypsin activity showed the opposite trend (P < 0.05). Bile salt-dependent lipase activity trend towards increasing as dietary energy decreased. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH), and fructose-1, 6-biphosphatase (FBPase) significantly increased with increasing dietary lipid levels. However, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity increased with dietary protein content. On the other side, pyruvate kinase (PK) activity increased with both dietary protein and lipid content. This study indicates that high dietary lipid (12%) improved the feed efficiency but did not reduce dietary protein demand in juveniles O. chrysurus.

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Effects of dietary protein at two lipid levels on growth, gonadal development, body composition and liver metabolic enzymes of brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) broodstock

Cited by 30 publications

References 61 publications

Effects of Dietary Protein and Lipid Levels on Growth, Body Composition, Blood Biochemistry, Antioxidant Capacity and Ammonia Excretion of European Grayling (Thymallus Thymallus)

Effects of Dietary Protein and Lipid Levels on Growth, Body Composition, Blood Biochemistry, Antioxidant Capacity and Ammonia Excretion of European Grayling (Thymallus Thymallus)

Physiological and metabolic protein‐sparing effects of dietary lipids on common snookCentropomus undecimalis(Bloch, 1792) juveniles

Evaluation of protein: lipid ratio on growth, feed efficiency, and metabolic response in juvenile yellowtail snapper Ocyurus chrysurus (Bloch, 1791)

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