Effects of dietary protein level on growth and utilization of protein and energy by juvenile haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus)

Growth, Feed Conversion, and Nutrient Retention Efficiency of African Catfish,Clarias gariepinus,(Burchell) Fingerling Fed Diets with Varying Levels of Protein

“…Increasing dietary protein above (35%) produced an inferior PER, which was similar to results obtained for turbot, Scophthalamus maximus (Bromley 1980), carp (Pongmaneerat & Watanabe 1991), haddock, Melanogrammus aegelfinus (Kim & Lall 2001), red-tailed tinfoil (Elangovan & Shim 1997), Asian catfish, Mystus nemurus (Ng, Soon, & Hashim 2001), Spinibarbus hollandi (Yang et al 2003), and olive founder, Paralichthys olivaceus (Kim et al 2004). This is probably because more dietary protein is used as an energy source when high protein diets are fed to the fish (Hidalgo & Alliot 1988;Kim, Kayes, & Amundson 1991).…”

“…Increase in dietary protein has often been associated with higher growth rates in many species. However, there is a protein level beyond which further growth is not supported and may even decrease (Kim & Lall 2001;Yang, Liou, & Liu 2002). Knowledge of optimum protein inclusion in practical diets is of high importance in order to manufacture cost-effective feed because it is the major cost factor and also affects the nitrogenous waste excretion and thus the organic loading of the culture environment.…”

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“…At the end of the experiment, results of the present study data showed that daily feed intake decreased with increasing dietary protein level. Similarly, other authors reported an increase in protein requirement with decreasing feeding levels for other several fish species (Martinez-Palacios et al, 1996;Chong et al, 2000;Kim and Lall, 2001). …”

Effect of water temperature on dietary protein requirement, growth and body composition of Asian catfish, Clarias batrachus fry

“…The higher PER can be achieved at minimal dietary protein level, which was consistent with the data reviewed by Millikin (1983) in striped bass, Zeitoun et al (1973) and Yu et al (1977) in rainbow trout. In contrast to this, lower PER was reported with increasing dietary protein (Lee and Putnam, 1973;Bromley, 1980;Kim and Lall, 2001;Ng et al, 2001). Degani et al (1989) found that protein retention (% PPV) and protein efficiency (PER) of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus increased with an increase of protein in diet.…”