Effects of dietary protein restriction on albumin synthesis, albumin catabolism, and the plasma aminogram

Kelman, L.; Saunders, S. J.; Frith, L.; Wicht, S.; Corrigal, A.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/25.11.1174

Cited by 37 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The product, prealbumin, is in turn cleaved in the Golgi vesicles to produce the secreted form of albumin. It is known that fasting or feeding a lowprotein diet rapidly induces a sharp decrease in albumin production in both humans (20,21) and rats (22). The present study also showed that plasma albumin concentration was decreased in the malnourished rats fed a low-protein diet (Table 3).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Medium-Chain Triacylglycerol Suppresses the Decrease of Plasma Albumin Level through the Insulin-Akt-mTOR Pathway in the Livers of Malnourished Rats

Sekine

Terada

Aoyama

2013

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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123Medium-chain triacylglycerol (MCT) has been utilized for improvements of nutritional and energy statuses in preterm infants (1) and in patients with a variety of malabsorptive disorders (2) since the 1960s, because MCT is rapidly digested and absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. On the other hand, in elderly people, digestion and absorption are delayed by aging, and energy intake is decreased by decreased physical activity. Most elderly people, especially those residing in nursing homes and hospitals, tend to suffer from protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) (3). PEM status is indicated by hypoalbuminemia. Albumin is synthesized in the liver, and serum albumin is a major component of serum protein, which sustains osmotic pressure and transports many kinds of substances or hormones to organs. Serum albumin has been the most common index of nutritional status. Its concentration in serum is influenced by many factors independent of nutritional factors, such as infections, trauma (by an increase in the transcapillary escape rate of albumin), hydration status (by haemodilution), liver function (by a decrease in synthesis) and kidney disease (by albumin losses).In previous studies, dietary MCT improved serum albumin concentration in elderly people with PEM (4) and in malnourished rats (5, 6). Nitrogen balance was also improved by dietary MCT (5, 7). Kojima and Kasai hypothesized that improvement of protein balance with MCT intake occurred through suppression of gluconeogenesis, which mainly started from body protein degradation. However, gluconeogenic enzymes were not changed in malnourished rats fed MCT (6). Therefore, the mechanism for the albumin improvement effect of dietary MCT is not yet clear. The results of previous studies indicated that dietary MCT increases serum insulin concentration in the rats (6,8,9) and humans (7, 10). One of the main properties of MCT is its ketogenic character (8,11,12). Madison et al. reported that ketone bodies have a direct stimulatory effect on the pancreatic beta cells (13). Insulin and other growth factors activate mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1) via the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and its downstream effecter, Akt (also called protein kinase B) (14,15). Active mTOR enhances cell growth by promoting mRNA translation and increasing cell mass (16,17). Ijichi et al. reported that branched-chain amino acids promote albumin synthesis in rat hepatocytes through the mTOR signal transduction system (18). Because mTOR might relate to albumin synthesis, we hypothesized that one of the mechanisms for the albumin improvement effect of dietary MCT is related to the insulin-Akt-mTOR signal transduction system. To clarify the albumin improvement mechanism of MCT, in the present study we evalu- Summary Recent studies have shown that medium-chain triacylglycerol (MCT) improved serum albumin concentration in elderly people with protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) and in malnourished rats. However, the mechanism for this effect has not been clarified....

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Medium-Chain Triacylglycerol Suppresses the Decrease of Plasma Albumin Level through the Insulin-Akt-mTOR Pathway in the Livers of Malnourished Rats

Sekine

Terada

Aoyama

2013

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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“…Its functions include maintaining osmotic pressure and transporting a variety of circulating molecules. 3,4 Serum albumin levels are determined by rates of hepatic synthesis and secretion, exchanges between the intra-and extravascular compartments, lymphatic uptake, alterations in volume of distribution (including hemodilution), protein degradation, and body losses.…”

Section: General Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Protein restriction also slows albumin degradation, although to a lesser degree than reductions in the synthesis rate. 3,12 Refeeding with amino acids or protein induces an immediate rise in albumin synthesis. 7,10 It is also well established that albumin levels fall in patients with inflammatory disorders and other illnesses.…”

Section: General Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reassessment of Albumin as a Nutritional Marker in Kidney Disease

Friedman¹,

Fadem

2010

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

315

245

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“…Besides, like albumin, prealbumin is also suppressed in inflammation states [24]. In cases with deficiency of dietary protein intake (DPI), synthetic and catabolic rates of albumin tend to decline, which causes albumin levels to be preserved [25]. Even though serum albumin concentration is not considered an effective marker of nutritional status, it is still the most commonly used instrument in clinic settings [26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Intraperitoneal Amino Acid and Oral Amino Acid Supplements in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

Sarıkaya¹,

Bora²,

İnci³

et al. 2014

J Nephrol Ther

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Effects of dietary protein restriction on albumin synthesis, albumin catabolism, and the plasma aminogram

Cited by 37 publications

References 17 publications

Medium-Chain Triacylglycerol Suppresses the Decrease of Plasma Albumin Level through the Insulin-Akt-mTOR Pathway in the Livers of Malnourished Rats

Medium-Chain Triacylglycerol Suppresses the Decrease of Plasma Albumin Level through the Insulin-Akt-mTOR Pathway in the Livers of Malnourished Rats

Reassessment of Albumin as a Nutritional Marker in Kidney Disease

Comparison of Intraperitoneal Amino Acid and Oral Amino Acid Supplements in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

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