Effects of dietary sodium butyrate on growth, digestive enzymes, body composition and nutrient retention-related gene expression of juvenile yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)

Abstract

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of sodium butyrate (SB) on growth, digestive enzymes, body composition and nutrient retention-related gene expression of juvenile yellow catfish ( Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ). Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets (420 g/kg protein and 90 g/kg lipid) were formulated to contain 0 (control), 250, 500, 1,000 or 2,000 mg/kg SB. Triplicate groups of 40 fish (BW = 1.26 ± 0.01 g) per tank (300-L cylindrical fiberglass tanks) for each diet were fed to apparent satiation twice daily. Stomach, hepatopancreas and intestine samples were obtained for digestive enzymes activities analyses. A real-time quantitative PCR analysis was performed to determine the relative expression of target of rapamycin ( TOR ) and lipoprotein lipase ( LPL ) in the hepatopancreas and intestine. Fish fed the diets supplemented with SB at 500 and 1,000 mg/kg showed significantly higher specific growth rate and significantly lower feed conversion ratio compared to the control ( P < 0.05). Dietary SB inclusion did not alter activities of intestinal amylase, creatine kinase and sodium–potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na + /K + -ATPase), but increased activities of hepatic trypsin, stomachic lipase, intestinal lipase, alkaline phosphatase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase for fish fed 1,000 mg/kg SB compared to the control ( P < 0.05). Intestine length index, intestine somatic index, fold height and muscular thickness of distal intestine were significantly higher in 1,000 mg/kg SB groups compared to the control ( P < 0.05). Significantly higher levels of whole-body crude protein, ash, calcium, phosphorus, nutrition retention and relative mRNA of intestinal TOR were observed in 1,000 mg/kg SB group ( P < 0.05). Whole-body lipid content and hepatopancreas LPL mRNA expression in 2,000 mg/kg SB group were significantly higher than the control ( P < 0.05). Relative mRNA levels of intestinal LPL and hepatopancreas TOR were significantly higher in the 500 mg/kg SB group compared to those in other groups ( P < 0.05). The increased growth performance, digestive enzymes and nutrient retention in fish fed the diets supplemented with SB at 500 and 1,000 mg/kg suggests that SB can be a desirable growth promoter as an antibiotic alternative in diets.

An Evaluation of Yeast Culture Supplementation in the Diet of Pseudobagrus ussuriensis: Growth, Antioxidant Activity, Nonspecific Immunity, and Disease Resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila

“…The term "digestive enzymes" has been used to refer to enzymes which can enhance nutrient digestion and absorption. High-digestive enzyme activities could promote nutrition digestion and absorption, thereby affecting growth performance directly [28,29]. Research showed that the activities of digestive enzymes (lipase, protease, and amylase) in aquatic animals could be affected by diet formula [28,30].…”

Effect of Tributyrin on Growth Performance and Pathway by which Tributyrin Regulates Oligopeptide Transporter 1 in Juvenile Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)

“…We found that appropriate supplementation of tributyrin promoted the growth of grass carp, and the 100% survival rate demonstrated that the tributyrin supplemental concentrations we used in this study showed no toxicity to the fish. These suggested that tributyrin had a similar function as that of sodium butyrate on the growth of fish [ 8 , 9 ]. In this study, although the SGR of moderate tributyrin supplementation groups was promoted significantly compared with the control groups, it was still obviously lower than those of several previous studies.…”

“…Butyrate and its salts as feed additives have been found to play important roles in intestinal nutrient absorption and health and were considered as a potential substitute of antibiotic feed additives [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. In terms of aquatic animals, appropriate levels of sodium butyrate can be a desirable growth promoter to stimulate growth and nutrient retention in juvenile yellow catfish [ 8 ]. Sodium butyrate combined with lippia origanoide essential oil supplemented in the commercial diet of Nile tilapia juveniles can reduce the concentration of total heterotrophic bacteria in the intestine [ 9 ].…”

Dietary Sodium Butyrate Changed Intestinal Histology and Microbiota of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), but Did Not Promote Growth and Nutrient Utilization

“…Furthermore, in rice field eel (Monopterus albus), the digestive enzyme activities were not affected by dietary sodium butyrate [37]. The different results may be associated with the forms and concentrations of sodium butyrate, the structure of digestive organs, and the experimental environment [36]. 8 Aquaculture Nutrition epithelial cells and intestinal histology play important roles the digestion and absorption of nutrients [38].…”