EFFECTS OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF FUMARIC ACID ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF AFRICAN CATFISH Clarias gariepinus AND Aeromonas sobria CHALLENGE

Abstract

Five iso-nitrogenous (39.0% crude protein) and iso-caloric diets (510 kJ gross energy) were prepared with fumaric acid added at varying inclusion levels: 0 (D 1 ), 0.5 (D 2 ), 1.0 (D 3 ), 1.5 (D 4 ) or 2.0 (D 5 ) g kg -1 of diet. Diets were fed to triplicate groups of Clarias gariepinus (mean initial weight 68.14±1.5 g) for 84 days in 50 liters glass tanks. At the end of the experiment, fish fed diet D 3 gave significantly higher growth indices closely followed by the control diet (D 1 ). There were significant differences in weight gain, specific growth rate, food conversion ratio and percentage survival in fish fed diet D 3 when compared with those fed diet D 5 . The haematological parameters of experimental fish revealed significant variations among treatments. The highest haemoglobin, packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) values were recorded in fish fed diet D 2 while the lowest were recorded in those fed diets D 3 . Challenge test showed that mortality was 100% in the control while it was between 0 and 86.67% in other treatments. Inclusion of 1.0 g kg -1 of fumaric acid in C. gariepinus diets boosted growth. Inclusion of 0.5 g kg -1 of fumaric acid improved fish haematological parameters. In overall, incorporation of fumaric acid in C. gariepinus diets improved fish survival after Aeromonas sobria challenge.

Effects of Microencapsulated Organic Acid and Their Salts on Growth Performance, Immunity, and Disease Resistance of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

“…Salts of organic acids used are calcium propionate, calcium formate and sodium acetate. Dietary fumaric acid (catfish) [41], fumaric and sorbic acid (E. coli) [42], citric acid (E. coli) [43], calcium propionate (tilapia [44] and silver catfish [45]), calcium formate (shrimp) [13] and sodium acetate (tilapia [46] and yellowfin seabream [47]) showed varying levels of antimicrobial activity in vitro and in various farmed species. Most studies to date tested a single compound in free-form and rarely a combination of two or more compounds.…”

Effect of various organic acid supplementation diets on Clarias gariepinus BURCHELL, 1822: Evaluation of growth, survival and feed utilization

“…The other benefits of butyric acid for improving growth is attributed to the aroma which acts as an attractant in the diet of shrimp 21 . However, a past study found that the increasing levels of dietary organic acid such as fumaric acid (1.5–2 g kg -1 ) in the diet of C. gariepinus significantly reduced growth performance and feed utilities and improved survival rate after a challenge test with bacteria 10 . These findings might be correlated with pH balance in the gut of the fish fed dietary high levels of organic acid.…”

“…Thus, water quality parameters are a major concern in the aquaculture system. Previous research revealed that the values of water quality parameters during fumaric acid feeding experiments on the African catfish ( Clarias gariepinus ) are relatively stable, providing a dissolved oxygen concentration 7.23-7.86 mg L -1 , water temperature 25.13-25.27 0 C and pH 7.23-7.48 10 .…”

Effects of Microencapsulated Organic Acid and Their Salts on Growth Performance, Immunity, and Disease Resistance of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

“…Salts of organic acids used are calcium propionate, calcium formate, and sodium acetate. Dietary fumaric acid (catfish) [41], fumaric and sorbic acid (E. coli) [42], citric acid (E. coli) [43], calcium propionate (tilapia [44] and silver catfish [45]), calcium formate (shrimp) [13], and sodium acetate (tilapia [46] and yellowfin seabream [47]) showed varying level of antimicrobial activity in-vitro and in various farmed species. Most studies to-date tested a single compound in free-form and rarely, in combination of two or more compounds.…”