Effects of dietary thyroid hormones on growth, plasma T3 and T4, and growth hormone in normal and hypothyroid chickens

Leung, Fung Ping; Taylor, J. E.; Iderstine, A. Van

doi:10.1016/0016-6480(85)90422-8

Cited by 36 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…While no direct evidence has linked these metabolically important hormones to mechanisms underlying dietary-induced GH changes, there is evidence that alterations in the plasma concen¬ trations of thyroid hormones and IGF-I may affect circulating levels of GH. Daily injections (Harvey, 1983) or feeding (Leung, Taylor & Van Iderstine, 1985) of thyroid hormones inhibit GH secretion in the chicken. Conversely, chicks with reduced thyroid function due to feeding of goitrogens (Chiasson, Sharp, Klandorf & Scanes, 1979) or with autoimmune thyroiditis (Scanes, Gales, Harvey et al 1976) have increased plasma concentrations of GH.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of thyroid hormones in the growth hormone response to protein restriction in the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus)

Lauterio

Scanes²

1988

Journal of Endocrinology

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The possible role of thyroid hormones in the rise in plasma GH observed in protein-restricted chicks was examined. Increased sensitivity of protein-restricted chicks to secretagogue challenge (TRH or GH-releasing factor) appears to account, at least in part, for increased GH concentrations in protein-restricted chicks. Thyroid hormones administered acutely were able to suppress plasma GH concentrations in protein-restricted chicks. Further, chronic thyroid hormone supplementation to low protein diets normalized circulating thyroid hormone concentrations and also normalized the response to GH secretagogue challenge. This decreased sensitivity to TRH provocation occurred without an accompanying change in plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I, a reputed inhibitor of GH secretion in the chicken.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of thyroid hormones in the growth hormone response to protein restriction in the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus)

Lauterio

Scanes²

1988

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Furthermore, we have shown that the GHRdeficient sex-linked dwarf chicken grows to two-thirds of normal size, despite the complete absence of GH action (Burnside et al, 1991(Burnside et al, , 1992Huang et al, 1993;Agarwal et al, 1994;Cogburn et al, 1997). Chemical hypothyroidism, induced by either PTU or methimazole, also decreases growth rate of young chickens (Leung et al, 1985;Cogburn, 1991;Rosebrough et al, 2004Rosebrough et al, , 2006. Surgical ablation of the thyroid gland also depresses growth rate of chickens and leads to development of hyperlipidemia and a fatty liver (Shibata et al, 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surgical ablation of the thyroid gland also depresses growth rate of chickens and leads to development of hyperlipidemia and a fatty liver (Shibata et al, 2003). Although thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulates growth (Leung et al, 1984;Cogburn et al, 1989a) presumably from enhanced GH secretion, dietary T 3 depresses growth rate of euthyroid chickens (Leung et al, 1985;Cogburn, 1991;Wang et al, 2005). An early study showed that T 3 inhibits secretion of GH from the chicken's pituitary gland (Harvey, 1983).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Manipulation of thyroid status and/or GH injection alters hepatic gene expression in the juvenile chicken

Wang

Carré

Saxton

et al. 2007

Cytogenet Genome Res

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Both thyroid hormone (T₃) and growth hormone (GH) are important regulators of somatic growth in birds and mammals. Although T₃-mediated gene transcription is well known, the molecular basis of T₃interaction with GH on growth and development of birds remains unknown. In earlier studies, we discovered that exogenous GH alone increased accumulation of visceral fat in young chickens, while the combination of GH injections and dietary T₃ worked synergistically to deplete body fat. In the present study, cDNA microarray and quantitative RT-PCR analyses enabled us to examine hepatic gene expression in young chickens after chronic manipulation of thyroid status and GH injection alone or in combination with T₃. Thyroid status modulates expression of common and unique sets of genes involved in a wide range of molecular functions (i.e., energy metabolism, storage and transport, signal transduction, protein turnover and drug detoxification). Hepatic expression of 35 genes was altered by hypothyroidism (e.g., ADFP, ANGPTL3, GSTΑ, CAT, PPARG, HMGCL, GHR, IGF1, STAT3, THRSPα), whereas hyperthyroidism affected expression of another cluster of 13 genes (e.g., IGFBP1, KHK, LDHB, BAIA2L1, SULT1B, TRIAD3). Several genes were identified which have not been previously ascribed as T₃ responsive (e.g., DEFB9, EPS8L2, ARHGAP1, LASS2, INHBC). Exogenous GH altered expression of 17 genes (e.g., CCAR1, CYP2C45, GYS2, ENOB, HK1, FABP1, SQLE, SOCS2, UPG2). The T₃+GH treatment depleted the greatest amount of body fat, where 34 differentially expressed genes were unique to this group (e.g., C/EBP, CDC42EP1, SYDE2, PCK2, PIK4CA, TH1L, GPT2, BHMT). The marked reduction in body fat brought about by the T₃+GH synergism could involve modulation of hormone signaling via altered activity of the Ras superfamily of molecular switches, which control diverse biological processes. In conclusion, this study provides the first global analysis of endocrine (T₃ and GH) regulation of hepatic gene transcription in the chicken.

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“…The relationship between thyroid activity and BMR in chickens is well known and probably T 3 is the main metabolically active thyroid hormone in chicks affecting the oxygen consumption (Bobek et al, 1977;Leung et al, 1985). Our study indicates that im.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

The influence of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on growth rate and thyroid activity in broiler chicks

Wir-Konas¹,

Ryś²,

Pietras³

1992

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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Twenty-eight-day old broiler chicks were used to determine growth rate and thyroid activity responses to various doses and routes of administration of synthetic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). In experiment 1, daily intramuscular (im.) injections of 2 fig TRH / chick over 10 or 20 days stimulated the relative body weight gain in cockerels by 5,7 and 10%, respectively, compared with saline injected controls. In experiment 2, TRH administered im. (2 fig /chick) or orally (80 fig /chick) over 10 days significantly increased (P ^ 0.01) the relative body weight gain of cockerels by 20.3 and 29.6%, respectively and slightly improved feed conversion efficiency. No effect of TRH on the growth rate of female chicks was found. Treatment with TRH induced a marked increase of relative thyroid size, basal metabolic rate and plasma triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels. Our data confirmed earlier reports that improvement in growth rate of TRH-treated chicks appears to be mediated by thyroid hormones.

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Effects of dietary thyroid hormones on growth, plasma T3 and T4, and growth hormone in normal and hypothyroid chickens

Cited by 36 publications

References 26 publications

The role of thyroid hormones in the growth hormone response to protein restriction in the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus)

The role of thyroid hormones in the growth hormone response to protein restriction in the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus)

Manipulation of thyroid status and/or GH injection alters hepatic gene expression in the juvenile chicken

The influence of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on growth rate and thyroid activity in broiler chicks

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