Effects of Dietary Urea Level on Amino Acid Concentrations in Ruminant Tissues

Salem, H. A.; Devlin, T. J.; Ingalls, J. R.; Phillips, G. D.

doi:10.4141/cjas73-113

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The high concentration of histidine on the uric acid diet was unusual and may be linked to the fact that histidine and uric acid have similar structures. The trend observed in this experiment that the percentage of essential amino acids was higher for diets containing nitrogen rather than non-protein nitrogen has also been reported by Virtanen (1966) in dairy cows, Theurer, Woods & Poley (1968) in lambs and Salem et al (1973) in bulls.…”

Section: Blood Plasma Amino Acids and Ureasupporting

confidence: 86%

“…It was found that the concentrations of serine, glycine and glutamic acid were higher in the plasma of the calves fed both non-protein nitrogen sources than in the plasma of the calves fed diet C. Similar observations were made in lambs or wethers fed urea or protein supplemented semi-purified diets by Schelling, Hinds & Hatfield (1967) for glycine and serine, Clifford & Tillman (1968) for glutamic acid and aspartic acid and Prior, Milner & Visek (1972) for glycine, serine and glutamic acid. Oltjen & Putnam (1966) found serine and glycine higher and Salem et al (1973) found glycine and glutamic acid to be higher in bulls fed urea supplemented semi-purified diets compared with isolated soyabean protein.…”

Section: Blood Plasma Amino Acids and Ureamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The digestion of organic matter, nitrogen and amino acids in calves fed semi-purified diets containing urea, uric acid or soya-bean meal

Jacobs¹,

Leibholz

1977

J. Agric. Sci.

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Semi-purified diets containing urea (diet A), uric acid (diet B) or soya-bean meal (diet C) as the sole source of nitrogen were fed to two Friesian bull calves fitted with re-entrant duodenal cannulae. Total collections of digesta leaving the abomasum were made over 24-h periods.The flow of organic matter to the duodenum expressed as a percentage of intake increased from 35-8% (diet A) and 40-6% (diet B) for the non-protein nitrogen diets to 58-3% for diet C. A greater proportion of the apparent digestion of organic matter occurred in the forestomachs of the calves when fed diets A or B than when they were fed diet C.The flow of nitrogen from the abomasum expressed as a percentage of intake showed a significant increase (P < 0-05) from 65-4% for diet A to 84-4% for diet B and 85-1% for diet C. When diets B and C were fed to the calves a greater proportion of the apparent digestion of nitrogen occurred in the hindgut than when they were fed diet A. The synthesis of microbial protein was 13-9 gand 13-0 g for every 100 g of organic matter digested in the stomach when the calves were fed diets B and C and only 10-9 g when the calves were fed diet A.A significantly (P < 0-05) greater proportion of dry matter of the digesta at the duodenum was composed of amino acids on diet C (19-5%) than diet A (16-1%) with the proportion of essential amino acids (especially threonine, lysine, histidine and arginine) also being greater. The amino acid composition of the digesta dry matter on diet B was intermediate (17-2%).From the data presented, it was predicted that cystine and histidine were the first limiting amino acids for growth when the calves were fed the non-protein nitrogen diets (A and B).

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Section: Blood Plasma Amino Acids and Ureasupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Blood Plasma Amino Acids and Ureamentioning

confidence: 99%

The digestion of organic matter, nitrogen and amino acids in calves fed semi-purified diets containing urea, uric acid or soya-bean meal

Jacobs¹,

Leibholz

1977

J. Agric. Sci.

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“…These values ranged between 3.28 and 3.84 MJ/Kg. Though gas volumes were (64). Regrettably, neither the microbial community profile nor the SCFA fraction including protein utilization were quantified in the current in vitro study, and thus the current results do not provide additional information to speculate on the fate of rumen fermentation.…”

Section: Fermentation Characteristics and Ch 4 Conversion Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 64%

Influence of Azadirachta indica and Cnidoscolus angustidens aqueous extract on cattle ruminal gas production and degradability in vitro

et al. 2023

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IntroductionMitigation of ruminant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is crucial for more appropriate livestock production. Thus, there is a need of further research evaluating feed supplementation strategies to mitigate enteric GHG emissions and other gases produced within the rumen.MethodsThis study was conducted as a completely randomized experimental design to determine the effectiveness of liquid extracts from A. indica (AZI), C. angustidens (CNA), or their combination (Mix. 1:1) at dosages of 0, 36, 72, and 108 mg of liquid extract/g DM substrate incubated in reducing GHG production in vitro, particularly methane (CH4), from the diet of steers during anaerobic incubation in rumen fluid. Total gas production, CH4, CO, H2S, and fermentative characteristics were all measured in vitro.ResultsTreatment AZI at a dose of 108 mg of liquid extract/g DM substrate produced the highest (P < 0.05) gas volume at 6 h, whereas CNA at a dose of 72 mg of liquid extract/ g DM substrate produced the least (P < 0.05) at 6 and 24 h, and Mix. at a dose of 72 mg of liquid extract/g DM substrate produced the least (P < 0.05) at 48 h. In addition, CH4 levels at 6 and 24 h of incubation (36 mg/g DM substrate) were highest (P < 0.05) for CNA, and lowest (P < 0.05) for AZI, whereas this variable was lowest (P < 0.05) at 72 mg of liquid extract for CNA at 24 and 48 h. At 6 and 24 h, CO volume was highest (P < 0.05) for AZI at 108 mg of liquid extract and lowest (P < 0.05) for Mix. at 72 mg of liquid extract. Treatment Mix. had a high (P < 0.05) concentration of short chain fatty acids at 72 mg of liquid extract/g DM of substrate.DiscussionIn general, herbaceous perennial plants, such as AZI and CNA, could be considered suitable for mitigating enteric GHG emissions from animals. Specifically, the treatment Mix. achieved a greater sustainable reduction of 67.6% in CH4 and 47.5% in H2S production when compared to either AZI. This reduction in CH4 might suggest the potential of the combination of both plant extracts for mitigating the production of GHG from ruminants.

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“…Virtanen (1969) eported that cows fed a protein-free diet Lad a lower level of essential amino acids in he plasma than the cows receiving a rrotein-supplemented diet. Salem et al 1973) reported that 240-kg bull calves eceiving 7 kglday of a ration containing '6Vo of the nitrogen as urea nitrogen had ower levels of most essential amino acids han bull calves receiving 7 kgiday of a diet ontaining only soy protein. Similar results vere presented by Ludwick et al (1972) .nd Oltjen and Putnam (1966).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Amino Acids in Cows Fed High-Fiber Urea-Supplemented Diets

Bouchard¹,

Conrad²

1975

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Boucnano, R. eNo CoNneo, H. R. 1975. Plasma amino acids in cows fed high-fiber urea-supplemented diets. Can. J. Anim. A diet containing, on a dry matter basis, 41.87c acid detergent fiber and l-7.97a crude protein, of which 557c was obtained from urea, was compared for lactating dairy cows with a diet in which nitrogen was supplied from vegetable protein, and most of the total digestible nutrients were from starch. Dry matter intake was 17.6 and 14.9 kg per day (P < 0.05),4olc fat-corrected milk production was 23.2 and 20.8 kg per day (P < 0.05), and total levels of essential amino acids were 159.78 and ll6.14 p.glml (P < 0.05), respectively, for the cows receiving the protein-starch diet, compared with those receiving the urea-fiber diet. Except for serine, proline, cystine, asparagine and threonine, the plasma amino acids were lower in cows fed the protein-starch diet than in cows fed the fiber-urea diet. The plasma content of all amino acids except aspartic acid, glutamic acid and cystine increased consistently during the I st mo of lactation. This elevation was coincidental with an increasing daily rate of feed consumption and a more rapidly increasing milk production.Une ration contenant 41

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Effects of Dietary Urea Level on Amino Acid Concentrations in Ruminant Tissues

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

The digestion of organic matter, nitrogen and amino acids in calves fed semi-purified diets containing urea, uric acid or soya-bean meal

The digestion of organic matter, nitrogen and amino acids in calves fed semi-purified diets containing urea, uric acid or soya-bean meal

Influence of Azadirachta indica and Cnidoscolus angustidens aqueous extract on cattle ruminal gas production and degradability in vitro

Plasma Amino Acids in Cows Fed High-Fiber Urea-Supplemented Diets

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