Effects of dietary xylooligosaccharide prebiotic supplementation on growth, antioxidant and intestinal immune‐related genes expression in common carp Cyprinus carpio fed a high‐fat diet

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of xylooligosaccharide (XOS) supplementation on growth, intestinal enzyme, antioxidant and immune‐related genes in common carp Cyprinus carpio fed a high‐fat diet (HFD). One hundred and ninety two fish with an initial weight of 19.61 ± 0.96 g were allocated into 24 tanks (eight fish per tank in four replicate) and were fed the control diet, HFD, HFD with 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 3% XOS supplementation. From the result, fish offered HFD with 1% XOS supplementation significantly obtained a higher body mass index and feed efficiency ratio, whereas condition factor was higher in fish fed HFD supplemented with 2% XOS but no difference was attributed to other supplemented group compared to control group. Also, fish fed HFD supplemented with 1%–2% XOS significantly improved protease, lipase, creatine kinase and sodium/potassium ATPase activities compared to other groups. Fish offered HFD were significantly lower in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPX), myeloperoxidase, acid phosphatase, lysozyme activities and immunoglobulin content, but the opposite result was found for aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase activities, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl and cortisol content as compared with the control. However, this effect was reversed with HFD supplemented with XOS. Also, interleukin 1β, interleukin 8, tumour necrosis factors, interferons, caspase‐3 and caspase‐9 in the intestine were all up‐regulated in the HFD group, while the reverse pattern was found in SOD, GPX, lysozyme‐C, complement 3 and mucin 5b (muc5b), than the control group. These effects were all enhanced by feeding the XOS diet, especially those fed 1%–3% supplementation. In conclusion, XOS inclusion can improve the growth, digestive enzymes, antioxidants and immune response of common carp fed HFD.

Preparation and nutritional properties of xylooligosaccharide from agricultural and forestry byproducts: A comprehensive review

“…Feeding juvenile triploid O. mykiss 5.0–10.0 g/kg XOS could increase the number of Lactobacillus by promoting intestinal development, limiting intestinal injury and inflammation, and regulating the structure of the intestinal microbial community ( 182 ). The high-fat diet supplemented with 1–3% XOS promoted the growth of carp fed with high-fat diet; and XOS could improve the growth, digestive enzymes, antioxidants, and immune response of carp fed with a high-fat diet ( 184 ). The appropriate level of XOS supplement could improve the growth performance of grass carp, increase the number of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and the concentration of short-chain fatty acids, improve the growth performance of grass carp and prevent intestinal cell apoptosis ( 185 ).…”

Oral bovine serum albumin administration benefits plasma amino acid profile in blunt snout bream fed high‐fat and high‐energy diet through the TOR signaling pathway

“…The blunt snout bream is an indigenous freshwater herbivore fish in China ( Megalobrama amblycephala ). This species' rapid growth, sensitive flesh, and excellent disease resistance has made it a popular choice for aquaculture in China (Abasubong et al, 2022). However, unlike several commercially produced fishes, its artificial rearing is often associated with a higher energy diet to reduce expensive fishmeal.…”

Metformin attenuates high-carbohydrate diet-induced redox imbalance, inflamation and mitochondrial dysfunction in Megalobrama amblycephala

“…In this study, sh given the HC diet down-regulated the transcriptions of both IL10 and TGFβ in the liver compared with the control group, whereas an opposite result was observed in IL1β, indicating that high dietary carbohydrate levels triggered an in ammatory response in blunt snout bream. This was supported by the fact that both IL-10 and TGF-β are regulatory cytokines that are important for oral tolerance induction and proper immune function (Abasubong et al, 2022). Generally, a high glucose load could trigger the NF-κB signaling pathway, and increases the production of pro-in ammatory cytokines like TNFα, IL1β, IL6, and IL8, thereby inducing in ammation (Shanmugam et al, 2003).…”