Effects of Diets Supplemented with Branched-Chain Amino Acids on the Performance and Fatigue Mechanisms of Rats Submitted to Prolonged Physical Exercise

Falavigna, Gina; Araújo, José Anchieta de; Rogero, Marcelo Macedo; Pires, Ivanir Santana de Oliveira; Pedrosa, Rogério Graça; Martins, Eivor; Castro, Inar Alves de; Tirapegui, Júlio

doi:10.3390/nu4111767

Cited by 46 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…[44][45][46] BCAA are also related to central fatigue delay and the reduction of hepatic encephalopathy symptoms, by decreasing influx of sulfonated amino acids through the blood-brain barrier. [47][48][49] Oxidation of BCAA by the liver As previously mentioned, the liver shows an absence or low activity of BCAT and as a result, unlike other amino acids, BCAA are not primarily catabolized in this organ.…”

Section: Oxidation Of Bcaa By the Brainmentioning

confidence: 89%

Immunomodulatory role of branched-chain amino acids

et al. 2018

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Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) have been associated with immunomodulation since the mid-1970s and 1980s and have been used in the nutritional therapy of critically ill patients. Evidence shows that BCAAs can directly contribute to immune cell function, aiding recovery of an impaired immune system, as well as improving the nutritional status in cancer and liver diseases. Branched-chain amino acids may also play a role in treatment of patients with sepsis or trauma, contributing to improved clinical outcomes and survival. Branched-chain amino acids, especially leucine, are activators of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which, in turn, interacts with several signaling pathways involved in biological mechanisms of insulin action, protein synthesis, mitochondrial biogenesis, inflammation, and lipid metabolism. Although many in vitro and human and animal model studies have provided evidence for the biological activity of BCAAs, findings have been conflicting, and the mechanisms of action of these amino acids are still poorly understood. This review addresses several aspects related to BCAAs, including their transport, oxidation, and mechanisms of action, as well as their role in nutritional therapy and immunomodulation.

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Section: Oxidation Of Bcaa By the Brainmentioning

confidence: 89%

Immunomodulatory role of branched-chain amino acids

et al. 2018

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“…The increased glycogen accumulation in the liver and skeletal muscles has been suggested to improve physical endurance [9,10]. Gina et al also showed that rats have high contents in the soleus muscle, which indicates strong resistance from swim exhaustion [11]. Aspalathin present in rooibos has also been shown to increase glucose intake via the up-regulation of GLUT4 translocation to the cell membrane [4][5][6], which may stimulate glycogen accumulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Dietary Green Rooibos on Physical Endurance in Swimming Mice

Watanabe¹,

Hara²,

Sakuda³

et al. 2014

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Green rooibos made from unfermented rooibos leaves contains high amounts of aspalathin. Dietary green rooibos is expected to increase physical endurance and decrease physical fatigue, because aspalathin has antioxidant activity and stimulates glucose uptake in muscle tissue. The aim of this study was to validate the effects of green rooibos and aspalathin by using a swimming mouse model. Dietary green rooibos and aspalathin tended to increase swimming time in mice. This beneficial effect might be induced by increased glycogen accumulation in the liver and skeletal muscles.

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“…A high-protein diet would cause hyperammonemia, and ammonia has been reported to cause deterioration of mitochondria through the production of reactive oxygen species (1,29), and it has been known to provoke central and peripheral fatigue (14) and would alter energy consumption. Fumarate, which is a degradation product of protein and amino acids, has been reported to cause impairment of muscle contractility (21) and fatigue (20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary protein decreases exercise endurance through rapamycin-sensitive suppression of muscle mitochondria

Mitsuishi

Miyashita

Muraki

et al. 2013

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Mitsuishi M, Miyashita K, Muraki A, Tamaki M, Tanaka K, Itoh H. Dietary protein decreases exercise endurance through rapamycin-sensitive suppression of muscle mitochondria. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 305: E776 -E784, 2013. First published July 23, 2013; doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00145.2013.-Loss of physical performance is linked not only to decreased activity in daily life but also to increased onset of cardiovascular diseases and mortality. A highprotein diet is recommended for aged individuals in order to preserve muscle mass; however, the regulation of muscle mitochondria by dietary protein has not been clarified. We investigated the long-term effects of a high-protein diet on muscle properties, focusing especially on muscle mitochondria. Mice were fed a high-protein diet from the age of 8 wk and examined for mitochondrial properties and exercise endurance at the ages of 20 and 50 wk. Compared with normal chow, a high-protein diet significantly decreased the amount of muscle mitochondria, mitochondrial activity, and running distance at 50 wk, although it increased muscle mass and grip power. Inhibition of TORC1-dependent signal pathways by rapamycin from 8 wk suppressed the decline in mitochondria and exercise endurance observed when mice were fed the high-protein diet in association with preserved AMPK activity. Collectively, these findings suggest a role for dietary protein as a suppressor of muscle mitochondria and indicate that the age-associated decline in exercise endurance might be accelerated by excessive dietary protein through rapamycin-sensitive suppression of muscle mitochondria. skeletal muscle mass; muscle mitochondria; physical performance; exercise endurance; TORC1; AMPK; rapamycin MAINTENANCE OF PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE is essential for a healthy life, especially among the elderly. The loss of muscle mass associated with aging, termed sarcopenia, is known to predict a wide range of diseases and morbidity. Sarcopenic individuals suffer from increased risk of falls and fractures and, as a result, a 1.5 to 4.6-fold higher risk of loss of independence compared with those with a normal volume of muscle mass (19,35). Moreover, inactive individuals are at higher risk of coronary heart diseases and all-cause mortality (4,5,7,22,33,38), and the relative risk for coronary heart diseases is reported to be similar between inactivity and smoking, hypertension, or dyslipidemia (16).The age-associated change in muscle is not limited to a decrease in muscle volume; the amount of muscle mitochondria decreases with aging (30, 37). Because skeletal muscle consumes 40% of total energy intake and plays a vital role in whole body energy homeostasis (12, 47), the age-associated reduction in mitochondrial amount and function in skeletal muscle is likely to contribute to an age-associated decline in physical activity, and the development of obesity and diabetes in the elderly, through dysregulation of energy homeostasis (31, 32, 34). Unlike obesity or osteoporosis, however, muscle aging is not recognized as a pathological ...

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Effects of Diets Supplemented with Branched-Chain Amino Acids on the Performance and Fatigue Mechanisms of Rats Submitted to Prolonged Physical Exercise

Cited by 46 publications

References 39 publications

Immunomodulatory role of branched-chain amino acids

Immunomodulatory role of branched-chain amino acids

Effects of Dietary Green Rooibos on Physical Endurance in Swimming Mice

Dietary protein decreases exercise endurance through rapamycin-sensitive suppression of muscle mitochondria

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