Effects of different additives on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

Abstract

IR spectral investigations on ammonium perchlorate (AP) in the presence of varying amounts of ammonium permanganate (APm) and 2% by weight of different rare earth oxide additives were made over the temperature range 25-290 ~ Heating and spectral scanning were done simultaneously and the peak intensity was presumed to be proportional to the amount of undeeomposed AP. Presence of 10% APm lowered the temperature of AP decomposition from 200 to I10 ~ and increased the rate by several folds. Mixed oxide produced as a result of deflagration of APm are considered catalyzing the process. In the presence of rare earth oxides additives, the NH + stretching peak intensity decreased considerably, the extent followed the trend Gd203 > MnO2 > Nd203 > Pr203 > Dy203 > Y203 > La203 > virgin AP. An electron transfer mechanism is envisaged to explain the results.Thermal stability of AP is known to be sensitive to the presence of additives [1][2][3]. Depending on their structure and chemical properties additives increase the decomposition and combustion rates and lower the ignition temperature. Solymosi and others [4] have investigated the catalytic effect of oxides on the isothermal decomposition of AP. Our data on the mixtures of AP + KBr/KC1 showed that the presence of KBr/KC1 influence the thermal characteristics of AP [5]. Systematic studies are presented here to understand the effect of different rare earth oxide additives and also of MnO2 and NH4MnO4 on the IR spectral peak intensities while heating was going on concurrently.

Preparation, characterization and catalytic effects of copper oxalate nanocrystals

“…Ammonium perchlorate (AP) is one of the most common energetic material and oxidizer in CSPs. The thermal decomposition of AP plays a significant role in the burning behavior of propellants [2][3][4]. The characteristics of the thermal decomposition of AP are believed to influence the performance of CSPs and remarkably sensitive to additives [5][6][7][8].…”

Preparation of CoFe2O4 Nanocrystallites by Solvothermal Process and Its Catalytic Activity on the Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate

“…Ammonium perchlorate (AP) is one of the most common energetic material and oxidizer in composite solid propellants with its content in 60%-80% wt, and the thermal decomposition of AP plays a significant role in the burning behavior of propellants [1][2][3]. Although the characteristics of AP thermal decomposition can be improved to some extent by reducing the particle size of AP, decreasing the particle size of AP is a dangerous process [4].…”

Synthesis and catalytic activity of Cu–Cr–O–TiO2 composites for the thermal decomposition of ammonium per-chlorate: enhanced decomposition rate of fuel for solid rocket motors

“…Chandru et al (2012) synthesized b-MnO 2 and found that mesoporous b-MnO 2 is an excellent catalyst, lowering the HTD from 426.3 to 301 C. 14 The effect of the shape and size of CuO and CoFe 2 O 4 on the thermal decomposition of AP was also studied and a signicant impact was observed on the decomposition pattern of AP. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21] In previous research, copper chromite (CuO$CuCr 2 O 4 ), [22][23][24] ACR and titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) 25,26 have been the most utilized metal oxide catalysts which have considerably decreased the onset temperature of AP decomposition when used individually as additives.…”