Effects of different dietary concentrate to forage ratio and thiamine supplementation on the rumen fermentation and ruminal bacterial community in dairy cows

Abstract

Abstract.A subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) model was induced gradually by increasing the proportion of dietary concentrate to evaluate the effect of thiamine supplementation on the structure of bacterial community in dairy cows. Three Holstein dairy cows with rumen cannula were randomly assigned to a replicated 3 · 3 Latin square design trial and received three diets during three successive 21-day periods in each square. The three dietary treatments were as follows: a lowconcentrate diet (control), a high-concentrate SARA-induced diet (SARA) and a high-concentrate SARA-induced diet with 180 mg thiamine/kg DM (SARA+thiamine). Real-time-polymerase chain reaction assay was used to quantify the population variation of SARA-related ruminal bacteria in these cows. The results showed that SARA was induced gradually when cows were fed with the high-concentrate diets. The mean ruminal pH value was higher in the control cows than in those of SARA and SARA+thiamine groups, the mean was decreased in cows fed on SARA diet, and the depression was alleviated by supplemented thiamine and the difference was significant (P < 0.05) especially at 9-h and 12-h sample times (or 1 h and 4 h after the second feeding). The populations of Streptococcus bovis and genus Lactobacillus in cows from the SARA group were increased in log copies/mL by 3.62% and 4.65%, respectively, compared with the control group (P < 0.05). In contrast, in log copies/mL, populations of Butyrivibrio fibrisovens and Megasphaera elsdenii were decreased by 1.14% and 4.90%, respectively (P < 0.05). Thiamine supplementation led to an obvious reduction of Strepococcus bovis and Lactobacillus (P < 0.05), whereas the number of log copies/mL of Megasphaera elsdenii was dramatically increased (P < 0.05). There was no significant effect of thiamine supplementation on the number of log copies/mL of Butyrivibrio fibrisovens and Selenomonas ruminantium (P > 0.05). It was concluded that thiamine supplementation to high-concentrate diets at concentrations of 180 mg/kg DM could help alleviate SARA by increasing rumen pH and balancing the population of lactic acid-producing and -consuming bacteria.

Genome-Wide Epistatic Interaction Networks Affecting Feed Efficiency in Duroc and Landrace Pigs

“…The most active form of vitamin B1 is thiamin pyrophosphate; its synthesis in eukaryotes requires thiamine pyrophosphokinase, which catalyzes pyrophosphate group transfer from ATP to thiamine (Tylicki et al, 2018). Thiamin supplementation in dairy cattle has been reported to increase rumen pH and balance the population of lactic acidproducing and -consuming bacteria (Wang et al, 2015). Thiamine is critical for cellular function, as its phosphorylated and active form, thiamine diphosphate (TDP), acts as a coenzyme for three key enzymes in glucose metabolism (Liu et al, 2017) which differs to a great extent in high and low feed efficient groups (Fu et al, 2017).…”

Thiamine supplementation facilitates thiamine transporter expression in the rumen epithelium and attenuates high-grain-induced inflammation in low-yielding dairy cows

“…Treatments included a control diet (CON; 20% starch, DM basis), high-grain diet (HG, 33.2% starch, DM basis), and HG diet supplemented with 180 mg of thiamine/kg of DMI (HG+T). This dose of thiamine was selected based on our previous dose-response studies in dairy cows (Zhang et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2015). Thiamine (Thiamine hydrochloride, purity ≥99%; Wanrong Science and Technology Development Co. Ltd., Wuhan, China) was administered via the ruminal cannula twice daily after supplying diets.…”

“…Administration of thiamine increased pH and reduced the LPS concentrations in the rumen of HG-fed cows, and this effect could be partially due to the improvement in microbial compositions. It has been demonstrated that higher ruminal thiamine can support the protozoa population (Höltershinken et al, 2003), and thiamine supplementation significantly reduced the population of S. bovis and increased the population of M. elsdenii (Wang et al, 2015). Hence, the stabilized microbial structure by thiamine supplementation reduced the production of acids and eventually more stable ruminal pH and lower LPS from bacterial lysis.…”

“…However, Dabak and Gul (2004), Karapinar et al (2010), and Pan et al (2016) found that thiamine deficiency occurred when sheep or cattle had subacute or acute ruminal acidosis, and it is associated with the increasing thiamine degradation by thiaminase and the decreasing microbial thiamine synthesis activity under high-grain-induced SARA (Brent, 1976). Our previous study found that thiamine supplementation in high-grain diet could increase ruminal pH and decrease rumen lactate concentration (Pan et al, 2016), and thiamine regulated the structure of rumen microbial community of SARA cows by reducing the population of Streptococcus bovis and prompting the growth of Megasphaera elsdenii (Wang et al, 2015).…”

Effects of Glucose and Starch on Lactate Production by Newly Isolated Streptococcus bovis S1 from Saanen Goats

“…Because S. bovis is lactate producing and acid tolerant, it plays an important role in rumen acidosis (1). Our previous study with dairy cows demonstrated that under normal conditions, the population of S. bovis is small, resulting in an insignificant amount of lactate production that is quickly metabolized by lactate utilizers such as Selenomonas ruminantium and Megasphaera elsdenii (2,3). However, when a high-concentrate diet is provided, the growth rate of S. bovis increases (4).…”