Effects of different dietary copper sources on the growth and intestinal microbial communities of Pacific white shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei )

Abstract

An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary copper sources on growth performance and intestinal microbial communities of juvenile Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Four isonitrogenous (420 g/kg crude protein) and isolipidic (70 g/kg crude lipid) experimental diets were formulated to contain different copper sources, Diet NSC (no‐supplemented copper), Diet CS (copper sulphate), Diet Availa (copper amino acid complex from Availa®Cu100) and Diet M (1:1, copper sulphate + copper amino acid complex). A total of 360 Pacific white shrimp juveniles (initial weight: 1.86 ± 0.03 g) were randomly allocated into four groups, with three replicates per group and 30 shrimps each replicate. An Illumina‐based sequencing method was used to analyse the intestinal bacterial composition of shrimp juveniles. The results revealed that shrimps fed Diet M had significantly higher percent weight gain (PWG) than that fed Diet NSC and Diet CS, while there were no significant differences between Diet M and Diet Availa. Survival was not affected by the dietary copper sources. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were dominant in the intestines of Pacific white shrimp. Shrimps fed Diet M and Diet Availa had higher bacterial richness and diversity than those fed Diet NSC and Diet CS with no significant differences among all treatments. Furthermore, Diet M and Diet Availa which contained copper amino acid complex reduced the relative abundance of Vibrionaceae in shrimp intestinal tract. This study indicated that dietary copper sources could affect the intestinal microbial communities and diets supplemented with Availa®Cu100 could have a positive impact on the growth performance and decrease the potential risk of disease in Pacific white shrimp.

Metal–amino acid complexes (Zn, Se, Cu, Fe, and Mn) enhance immune response, antioxidant capacity, liver function enzymes, and expression of cytokine genes in Nile Tilapia reared under field conditions

“…Mohammady et al (2021) attributed the upregulation of these genes to the continuous and slow release of Zn from ZnO-K as compared with other Zn forms. Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei that were fed a diet supplemented with Cu-amino acid complex (Availa Cu) showed a higher expression of Cu/Zn SOD, ALP, ACP, and LZM genes in the hepatopancreas than shrimp that were fed a CuSO 4 -supplemented diet (Yuan et al 2019a(Yuan et al , 2019b. Similarly, organic Zn (Availa Zn) and a combination of organic and inorganic Zn resulted in higher upregulation of Cu/Zn SOD, ALP, ACP, and LZM gene expression levels in the shrimp hepatopancreas than inorganic Zn (Yuan et al 2020).…”

“…In our feeding trial, dietary MAACs reduced the pathogenic bacterial load ( Streptococcus and Staphylococcus ) and enhanced the colonization of beneficial bacteria ( Bacillus and Lactobacillus ) in the intestine of Nile Tilapia (El‐Sayed et al 2023). Beneficial bacteria can convert parts of the food that they ingest into microbial biomass, which can be utilized by the animal host (Yuan et al 2019a, 2019b). This process can prevent pathogenic bacteria from colonizing the fish gut and in turn promotes the immunological, antioxidant, and metabolic status of the host fish (Ringø et al 2015).…”

Replacement of fishmeal with Shewanella sp. MR‐7 fermented soya bean meal in Pacific white shrimp

“…Proteobacteria was dominant in gut of fish and shrimp. The Vibrio was the largest proportion of Proteobacteria and a potential pathogen in intestine of Litopenaeus vannamei , which led to vibriosis outbreaks in shrimp (Yuan et al, 2019). The genus of Fusibacter could generate sulphide from elemental sulphur or thiosulphate (Hania et al, 2012), which may result in a rapid and high mortality in animals (Bagarinao & Lantin‐Olaguer, 1998).…”

Positive effects of replacing commercial feeds by fresh black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae in the diets of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei): Immune enzyme, water quality, and intestinal microbiota

“…In addition, the composition of the dominant intestinal microbiota of L. vannamei was also significantly affected by the diet containing fresh BSFL. Previous studies showed that the intestinal microbiota of L. vannamei was dominated by Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, which constitute the core flora, regardless of the diet administered (Yuan et al, 2019). However, chronic intestinal microecological disorders or intestinal inflammation was often caused by the excessive relative abundance of Proteobacteria (Mukhopadhya et al, 2012;Shin et al, 2015).…”

“…T h e P C R amplification was performed in a total volume of 50 mL containing 25 mL of KOD FX Neo Buf (2×), 10 mL of 2 mM dNTP, 1 mL of KOD FX Neo (TOYOBO), 2.5 mL of 10 mM each primer, and 60 ng of DNA template, and finally, ddH 2 O was added to 50 mL. PCR amplification was performed on the PCR system under the following conditions: (a) 1*(3 min at 95°C), (b) 25*(30 s at 95°C; 30 s at 55°C; 1 min at 72°C), and (c) 10 min at 72°C, 10°C until halted by the user (Yuan et al, 2019).…”