Effects of different doses of alfentanil on cardiovascular response to rapid sequence intubation in elderly patients: a parallel-controlled randomized trial

Abstract

Background Rapid sequence intubation (RSI) have been shown to be effective in preventing reflux aspiration in patients with a full stomach during anaesthesia induction and endotracheal intubation. However, there is currently no standardized operation protocol or anaesthesia induction drug standard for RSI. Furthermore, there is a lack of evidence regarding the use of RSI in patients older than 65. In this study, we aimed to investigate the cardiovascular effects of different doses of alfentanil combined with propofol and etomidate during RSI in elderly patients aged 65–80 years. Methods A total of 96 patients aged 65–80 years who underwent general anaesthesia with tracheal intubation were selected for this study. The patients were randomly assigned to one of four groups using a random number table. Group A patients received an induction dose of 10 µg/kg alfentanil, group B patients received 15 µg/kg alfentanil, group C patients received 20 µg/kg alfentanil, and group D patients received 25 µg/kg alfentanil. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac index (CI), and ejection fraction (EF) were measured at three time points: 5 min before anaesthesia induction (T0), 1 min after endotracheal intubation (T1), and 5 min after endotracheal intubation (T2). Concurrently, 4 ml of arterial blood was collected from patients at three time points, and the concentrations of norepinephrine (NE) and cortisol (Cor) in plasma were detected. Occurrences of hypertension, hypotension, bradycardia and tachycardia during anesthesia induction to 5 min after tracheal intubation were noted. Results Compared with T0, the HR, MAP, NE and Cor concentrations in group A and group B were increased at the T1 and T2 time points, CI and EF values were decreased ( P < 0.05). HR and MAP in groups C and D were increased at the T1 time point, while they were decreased at the T2 time point in group D ( P < 0.05). The changes in CI and EF values, concentrations of NE and Cor, were not significant at T1 and T2 time points in group C ( P > 0.05). Additionally, they were not significant in group D at the T1 time point ( P > 0.05), but decreased at the T2 time point ( P < 0.05). Compared with group A, the HR, MAP, NE and Cor concentrations in groups C and D were decreased at T1 and T2 time points ( P < 0.05). The CI and EF values of groups C and D were increased at T1 time point but decreased at T2 time point in group D ( P < 0.05). The incidence of hypertension and tachycardia in group A was significantly higher than that in group C and group D ( P < 0.05), and the incidence of hypotension and bradycardia in group D was significantly higher than that in group A and group B ( P < 0.05). Conclusion Alfent...