Effects of different exercise modes on mineralization, structure, and  biomechanical properties of growing bone

Huang, Tzuen-Hsi; Lin, Shu; Chang, Feng-Ju; Hsieh, Shang‐Hsien; Liu, Shing‐Hwa; Yang, Rong‐Sen

doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01076.2002

Cited by 120 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Exercise can affect mineralization, structure and biomechanical properties of the growing bone (Huang et al 2003). Higher body weights have been associated with increased weight, length and mineral content of the tibio-tarsal bone (Leterrier et al 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Enriched Housing Design on Broiler Performance, Welfare, Chicken Meat Composition and Serum Cholesterol

Şimşek¹,

Dalkiliç²,

Çiftçi³

et al. 2009

Acta Vet. Brno

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This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of enrichment housing design on performance, selected welfare indicators, chicken meat composition and serum cholesterol concentration of broiler chicken.For this purpose, 480 Ross-308 chicks were assigned to two groups, Control and Test, each with 4 replications. The pens of the Test Group were enriched with perches and sand bedding. At the end of the study, 8 males and 8 females whose live weights were close to the group average from each group were slaughtered. Their blood was collected and serum was separated. For chemical analysis of the chicken meat, whole carcasses of 4 males and 4 females, and half of the breast and left thigh from the remaining 4 males and 4 females were collected. In the carcass group, whole carcass with its bones was minced, whereas in the other groups breast and tight meat were separated from the bones and minced in a meat grinder, homogenized with an electronic mixer, then flash frozen (-40 °C, 8-10 h) and stored (-20 °C, 3-4 weeks) until analysed.There was no significant difference between the groups in body weight, daily weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion and survivability. Litter moisture of the sand bedding was lower than that of the wood shavings. Contact dermatitis of hocks was reduced in the Test Group (P < 0.05). Length, width, bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) of the left tibiotarsus were similar between groups. The protein ratio of thigh meat was higher (P < 0.01), and fat ratio of the meat was lower (P < 0.05) in the Test Group. Enriched housing design increased serum HDL cholesterol level and decreased thigh meat cholesterol level (P < 0.05).In conclusion, it was found that housing enriched with perches and sand bedding in addition to wood shavings bedding improved broiler welfare and meat quality. Broiler chickens, environmental enrichment, housing design, performance, welfare, meat quality, serum cholesterolThe appetite, feeding system, physical activity and genetic factors play important roles in fat storage (Hood 1983). Broiler chickens, depending on age and rearing conditions, spend most of the time resting (Weeks et al. 2000). There is a significant correlation between decreasing physical activity and adiposity (Ekelund et al. 2006). The lack of exercise is considered the main cause of leg weakness, and extreme durations of sitting on poor quality litter result in skin lesions on the breast and legs (Bessei 2006).Enviromental enrichments can increase activity and thus improve both physical and psychological well-being. Maintaining balance while perching, and stepping onto and over perches exercise leg muscles and joints in a way that is different from simply walking. Wing and breast muscles are also utilized while walking and balancing on a perch (Newberry and Hall 1990; Le Van et al. 2000). Because of its attractiveness to broiler chickens for pecking and scratching behaviours, sand bedding could be utilized for exercise of body muscles (Shields et al. 2004). In addition ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Enriched Housing Design on Broiler Performance, Welfare, Chicken Meat Composition and Serum Cholesterol

Şimşek¹,

Dalkiliç²,

Çiftçi³

et al. 2009

Acta Vet. Brno

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“…Exercise-based mouse [1][2][3][4][5] and rat [6][7][8][9] models have almost universally shown a link between exercise and increased bone formation, resulting in increased bone size and bone mass and maintenance or increase of mechanical properties, thus supporting Wolff's law [10]. We recently demonstrated that 21 consecutive days of moderate intensity running, considerably shorter than most exercise models, significantly increased structural post-yield deformation in the tibial diaphyses of male C57BL6/129 mice [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-Term Exercise in Mice Increases Tibial Post-Yield Mechanical Properties While Two Weeks of Latency Following Exercise Increases Tissue-Level Strength

2009

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We have previously shown that exercise during growth increases post-yield deformation in C57BL6/129 (B6;129) male tibiae at the expense of reduced pre-yield deformation and structural and tissue strength. Other research in the literature indicates that increased mineral, cross-sectional geometry and structural strength due to exercise can be maintained or increased after exercise ends for as long as 14 weeks. It was therefore hypothesized that after our exercise protocol ends, effects of exercise on mechanical properties would persist, resulting in increased post-yield behavior and rescued strength versus age-matched control mice. Beginning at 8 weeks of age, exercise consisted of running on a treadmill (30 min/day, 12 m/min, 5° incline) for 21 consecutive days. At the end of running and 2 weeks later, in the cortical bone of the tibial mid-diaphyses of B6;129 male mice, changes due to exercise and latency following exercise were assayed by mechanical tests and analyses of cross-sectional geometry. Exercise increased structural post-yield deformation compared with weight-matched control mice, without changes in bone size or shape, suggesting that exercised-induced changes in pre-existing bone quality were responsible. Over the two week latency period, no growth related changes were noted in control mice, but exercise-induced changes resulted in increased tissue stiffness and strength versus mice sacrificed immediately after exercise ended. Our data indicate that periods of exercise followed by latency can alter strength, stiffness and ductility of bone independent of changes in size or shape, suggesting that exercise may be a practical way to increase the quality of the bone extracellular matrix.

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“…Para a realização deste estudo, o rato foi escolhido por possuir características próximas às dos seres humanos, no que se refere aos sistemas músculo-esquelético e hormonal, além da facilidade de manuseio, disponibilidade em biotério e baixo custo (26)(27)(28) .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Efeito do ácido zoledrônico em tíbias de ratas ooforectomizadas: estudo prospectivo e randomizado

Pereira¹,

Dutra²,

Olímpio³

et al. 2009

Rev. bras. ortop.

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Objetivo: Investigar as repercussões clínicas, biomecânicas e histomorfométricas do ácido zoledrônico em tíbias de ratas osteoporóticas, após ooforectomia bilateral. Métodos: Foram estudadas, prospectivamente, 40 ratas da linhagem Wistar (Rattus novergicus albinus). Com 60 dias de vida, os animais foram aleatorizados em dois grupos de acordo com o procedimento cirúrgico: ooforectomia bilateral (O) (n=20) e pseudo-cirurgia ("sham") (P) (n=20). Após 30 dias, os animais foram divididos em quatro subgrupos, de acordo com a administração de 0,1mg/kg de ácido zoledrônico (AZ) ou água destilada (AD): OAZ (n=10), OAD (n=10), PAZ (n=10) e PAD (n=10). Após 12 meses, os animais foram eutanasiados e suas tíbias analisadas. No estudo clínico foi considerado o peso dos animais; no estudo biomecânico foram realizados ensaios compressivos e na análise histomorfométrica foi determinada a área trabecular óssea. Resultados: Os grupos "O" tiveram aumento de peso significativamente maior que os grupos "P" (p=0,005). Os grupos OAZ e PAZ tiveram aumento, não significativo, de peso quando comparados aos grupos OAD (p=0,47) e PAD (p=0,68). Os grupos com ácido zoledrônico e com água destilada suportaram carga máxima, semelhante (p=0,2), no momento em que ocorreu fratura. Nos grupos com ácido zoledrônico verificou-se o aumento não significante da área trabecular óssea quando comparados aos grupos com água destilada (p=0,21). Houve correlação positiva entre a área trabecular e a carga máxima (p=0,04; r=0,95). Conclusão: O ácido zoledrônico não influiu significativamente no peso dos animais. Os resultados mostraram aumento, não significante, tanto da resistên-cia óssea diafisária tibial, como da área trabecular óssea. Descritores -

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Effects of different exercise modes on mineralization, structure, and biomechanical properties of growing bone

Cited by 120 publications

References 38 publications

Effects of Enriched Housing Design on Broiler Performance, Welfare, Chicken Meat Composition and Serum Cholesterol

Effects of Enriched Housing Design on Broiler Performance, Welfare, Chicken Meat Composition and Serum Cholesterol

Short-Term Exercise in Mice Increases Tibial Post-Yield Mechanical Properties While Two Weeks of Latency Following Exercise Increases Tissue-Level Strength

Efeito do ácido zoledrônico em tíbias de ratas ooforectomizadas: estudo prospectivo e randomizado

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