Effects of different feeding levels during three short periods of gestation on gilt and litter performance, nutrient digestibility, and energy homeostasis in gilts1

Ren, Peiyu; Yang, Xiaojian; Cui, Shiquan; Kim, J. S.; Menon, David; Baidoo, Samuel K

doi:10.2527/jas.2016.1208

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 48 publications

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“…Considering this variation, different methods have been proposed and widely used to measure the FE, including feed conversion ratio (FCR) and residual feed intake (RFI) [ 1 , 3 ]. FCR is the ratio of feed intake (FI) per unit body weight gain and is affected by many factors such as breed, sex, diet, and environmental conditions [ 4 , 5 ]. Pigs with low FCR are considered high FE and vice-versa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrative Analysis of Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Profiles Uncovers Biological Pathways of Feed Efficiency in Pigs

2020

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Feed efficiency (FE) is an economically important trait. Thus, reliable predictors would help to reduce the production cost and provide sustainability to the pig industry. We carried out metabolome-transcriptome integration analysis on 40 purebred Duroc and Landrace uncastrated male pigs to identify potential gene-metabolite interactions and explore the molecular mechanisms underlying FE. To this end, we applied untargeted metabolomics and RNA-seq approaches to the same animals. After data quality control, we used a linear model approach to integrate the data and find significant differently correlated gene-metabolite pairs separately for the breeds (Duroc and Landrace) and FE groups (low and high FE) followed by a pathway over-representation analysis. We identified 21 and 12 significant gene-metabolite pairs for each group. The valine-leucine-isoleucine biosynthesis/degradation and arginine-proline metabolism pathways were associated with unique metabolites. The unique genes obtained from significant metabolite-gene pairs were associated with sphingolipid catabolism, multicellular organismal process, cGMP, and purine metabolic processes. While some of the genes and metabolites identified were known for their association with FE, others are novel and provide new avenues for further research. Further validation of genes, metabolites, and gene-metabolite interactions in larger cohorts will elucidate the regulatory mechanisms and pathways underlying FE.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrative Analysis of Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Profiles Uncovers Biological Pathways of Feed Efficiency in Pigs

2020

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Impact of diet deprivation and subsequent overallowance during gestation on lactation performance of primiparous sows1

Farmer

Herkelman²,

James³

et al. 2018

Translational Animal Science

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The impact of diet deprivation followed by overallowance during gestation on metabolic status of pregnant gilts and their lactation performance was determined. Gilts were fed a standard diet until day 27 of gestation and were subsequently reared under a control (CTL; n = 28) or an experimental (treatment, TRT; n = 26) dietary regimen. The experimental regimen provided 70% (restriction diet, RES) and 115% (overallowance diet, OVER) of the protein and NE contents provided by the CTL diet. The RES diet was given from days 28 to 74 of gestation followed by the OVER diet from day 75 until farrowing. Blood samples were obtained from all gilts on days 28, 75, and 110 of gestation, and on days 3 and 20 of lactation to measure concentrations of IGF-1, urea, FFA, and glucose. Milk samples were collected from 12 sows per treatment on day 19 of lactation and sow feed intake was recorded daily throughout lactation. Piglets were weighed at 24 h (after standardization of litter size), and on days 7, 14, and 21 (weaning). The TRT gilts gained less BW than CTL gilts (17.3 vs. 31.7 kg; P < 0.01) from days 28 to 75 of gestation and more BW (29.5 vs. 21.9 kg; P < 0.01) from days 75 to 110, but their overall gain from mating to day 110 was lower (61.4 vs. 67.2 kg; P < 0.05). Metabolic status during gestation was affected, with TRT gilts having less IGF-1 and urea, and more FFA than CTL gilts on day 75 (P < 0.01), and more urea on day 110 (P < 0.01). Growth rate of suckling piglets, sow lactation feed intake, and standard milk composition in late lactation (DM, fat, protein, lactose) were not affected by treatment (P > 0.10). In conclusion, diet deprivation of gilts as of day 28 of gestation followed by overfeeding from day 75 of gestation until farrowing did not improve lactation performance. It is likely that the compensatory growth that took place in late gestation was not adequate to illicit beneficial effects.

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Net absorption and liver metabolism of amino acids and heat production of portal-drained viscera and liver in multiparous sows during transition and lactation

Kristensen

Che

et al. 2020

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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Background Determination of nutrient requirements in the late gestating and lactating sows is essential to optimize sow productivity. The objectives of the present study were to quantify amino acid (AA) fluxes and heat production across portal-drained viscera (PDV) and liver in multiparous sows during transition and lactation. Methods Eight second parity sows were fitted with indwelling catheters in the femoral artery and in the mesenteric, portal and hepatic veins. Eight hourly sets of blood samples were taken starting 0.5 h before feeding at − 10, − 3, + 3, and + 17 d in milk (DIM). Blood gases, plasma metabolites and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients were measured. Results Feed intake, the ATTD of DM, energy, nitrogen, fat and crude fiber changed with DIM (P < 0.001). Except for Glu, O2, and urea, all net portal fluxes were positive, and all were affected by DIM (P < 0.05) and by sampling time (P < 0.01). Compared with pre partum levels, net portal uptake of AA was 3-63% lower at + 3 DIM but 40-100% higher at + 17 DIM. Net portal fluxes of AA peaked at 1.5 to 2.5 h after feeding except for Glu, and they were positively correlated with changes in sow feed intake across DIM. The net portal recovery was low for Met (49%), Thr (54%), and His (54%) and high for the remaining essential AA (63-69%) and none of them differed across DIM. Net hepatic uptake (i.e. hepatic oxidation) of Lys, Thr, Ile, Leu and Phe peaked at 0.5 to 2.5 h after feeding, whereas uptake of Trp, Val, and His was constant, while that of Met was close to zero. Conclusion The net portal recovery was substantially lower for Met, Thr, and His than the remaining essential AA. Hepatic AA oxidation peaks 0.5 to 2.5 h after feeding. The heat production in PDV and liver was approximately two-fold higher at peak lactation compared to other stages. The study suggests that lysine was the limiting AA in peak lactation but not in early lactation.

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Effects of different feeding levels during three short periods of gestation on gilt and litter performance, nutrient digestibility, and energy homeostasis in gilts1

Cited by 3 publications

References 48 publications

Integrative Analysis of Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Profiles Uncovers Biological Pathways of Feed Efficiency in Pigs

Integrative Analysis of Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Profiles Uncovers Biological Pathways of Feed Efficiency in Pigs

Impact of diet deprivation and subsequent overallowance during gestation on lactation performance of primiparous sows1

Net absorption and liver metabolism of amino acids and heat production of portal-drained viscera and liver in multiparous sows during transition and lactation

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