Effects of different levels of an enzyme mixture on in vitro gas production parameters of contrasting forages

Jalilvand, Ghasem; Odongo, N. E.; López, Secundino; Naserian, Abbas Ali; Valizadeh, Reza; Shahrodi, F. Eftekhar; Kebreab, E.

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2008.01.007

Cited by 35 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Thereby, higher FRD may not represent a faster rate of fermentation with higher gas production at early stage. To overcome this limitation, time needed to produce a certain amount of total gas was added into the rate parameter systems (France et al, 1993;Jalilvand et al, 2008;Murray et al, 2008). Although, similar to the GM and MM models, the FRD with a time-dependent rate in the LE 0 model generally had strong correlation with gas production, especially at the early incubation times (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the middle stage of in vitro fermentation, half-life, the time to reach half of asymptotic gas volume, can be a good choice and has been used in many in vitro studies (Mauricio et al, 2001;Calabrò et al, 2005;Jalilvand et al, 2008). For example, half-life ranged from 10 to 20 h for in situ degradation of 87 ruminant feeds (Ló pez et al, 1999) and from 8 to 50 h for in vitro gas production kinetics of 24 feeds (Mauricio et al, 2001;Calabrò et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some feed additives and supplements can affect the early stage in vitro fermentation of feedstuffs (Colombatto et al, 2003;Jalilvand et al, 2008). Furthermore, the rate of fermentation measured at early stages of in vitro incubations (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deriving fractional rate of degradation of logistic-exponential (LE) model to evaluate early in vitro fermentation

Wang

Sun

Tang

et al. 2013

Animal

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Water-soluble components of feedstuffs are mainly utilized during the early phase of microbial fermentation, which could be deemed an important determinant of gas production behavior in vitro. Many studies proposed that the fractional rate of degradation (FRD) estimated by fitting gas production curves to mathematical models might be used to characterize the early incubation for in vitro systems. In this study, the mathematical concept of FRD was developed on the basis of the Logistic-Exponential (LE) model, with initial gas volume being zero (LE 0 ). The FRD of the LE 0 model exhibits a continuous increase from initial (FRD 0 ) toward final asymptotic value (FRD F ) with longer incubation time. The relationships between the FRD and gas production at incubation times 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 h were compared for four models, in addition to LE 0 , Generalization of the Mitscherlich (GM), c th order Michaelis-Menten (MM) and Exponential with a discrete LAG (EXP LAG ). A total of 94 in vitro gas curves from four subsets with a wide range of feedstuffs from different laboratories and incubation periods were used for model testing. Results indicated that compared with the GM, MM and EXP LAG models, the FRD of LE 0 model consistently had stronger correlations with gas production across the four subsets, especially at incubation times 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 h. Thus, the LE 0 model was deemed to provide a better representation of the early fermentation rates. Furthermore, the FRD 0 also exhibited strong correlations (P , 0.05) with gas production at early incubation times 2, 4, 6 and 8 h across all four subsets. In summary, the FRD of LE 0 model provides an alternative to quantify the rate of early stage incubation, and its initial value could be an important starting parameter of rate.Keywords: mathematical models, rate of gas production, logistic-exponential model, in vitro fermentation ImplicationsThe fractional rate of degradation (FRD) of LE 0 model generally had high correlation with gas production at 2, 4, 6 and 8 h across all four subsets tested, and thus provides a good alternative to reveal the rate of early stage in vitro fermentation. The FRD of LE 0 model would have an implication in quantifying the rate of fermentation and evaluating digestion efficiency of feedstuffs in the rumen, as ruminal retention time of feedstuffs is short. However, further studies are needed to testify whether a higher FRD leads to a higher nutritive value (e.g. volatile fatty acid profile, microbial protein synthesis and feedstuff digestibility) for ruminants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deriving fractional rate of degradation of logistic-exponential (LE) model to evaluate early in vitro fermentation

Wang

Sun

Tang

et al. 2013

Animal

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“…Table showed some studies that have been performed in dairy cows fed TMR supplemented with enzymes that were characterized by cellulase and/ or xylanase activities. It appeared that the preparations of the current enzyme do not introduce novel enzyme activity into the rumen as they inally increase only the rate and not the extent of digestion of the cell wall [123,124]. Beauchemin et al reported that DMI would increase by 1.0 ± 1.3 kg/d and milk yield by 1.1 ± 1. kg/d with the addition of ibrolytic exogenous enzymes to dairy cow diets [12 ].…”

Section: Using Enzymes To Enhance Iber Utilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximizing Fiber Utilization of Silage in Ruminants

Refat¹,

Yu²

2016

Advances in Silage Production and Utilization

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This chapter highlights the importance of iber digestibility and utilization in ruminants and to summarize the main factors that inluence iber digestibility in silages. Forage provides at least half of the diet of lactating catle and greatly afects energy and carbohydrate intake. It is important to maximize the intake of digestible carbohydrate from forages, because energy requirements for maintenance and milk production often exceed the amount of energy high-producing cows can consume, particularly in early lactation. There are many approaches used for enhancing iber utilization in silage and subsequent maximizing energy intake and productivity of dairy catle. Out of these approaches are: selecting appropriate forages with high iber digestibility, applying the appropriate agronomic practices such as harvesting at the proper stage of maturity, fertilization, and cuting height at harvest, along with using of esterase-producing inoculants or ibrolytic enzymes have been proposed as approaches to improving the productivity of dairy catle.Keywords: feed additive, iber utilization, nutrient availability, ruminants . IntroductionThe global livestock industry faces an extensive challenge since a presumed dichotomy exists between the increasing requirements for animal feeding conferred by population growth and consumer concerns regarding the sustainability of livestock production [1]. Meanwhile, the cost of feed grains for livestock has increased substantially in recent years [2]. Thus, there is an increasing interest in using silages as a main source of forages in ruminant's diets, with high nutritive value as an alternative feed source. In high-producing dairy catle, it is important to maximize digestible carbohydrate intake or increase neutral detergent iber digestibility (NDFD) from silage because the energy needed for maintenance and milk production often © 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.© 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.exceeds the amount of energy high-producing cows can consume, particularly in early lactation [3]. One of the main factors that afect silage utilization is the proportion of its potentially digestible iber fraction, where silage having less than 0% of total iber content is available for digestion by the ruminant animal [4]. The irst section of this chapter will discuss the most important aspects of silage iber digestibility. The chapter starts by the importance of iber digestibility, before considering the method used for evaluating iber digestibility. This is followed by iber...

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“…With the emerging concerns regarding health issues stemming from animal-based food sources, interest in biological treatment methods instead of physical and chemical methods is growing. Several studies have reported that fibrolytic enzyme supplementation could increase dry matter intake, production performance, and nutrient digestibility of fibrous feeds (5)(6)(7). Despite the large number of studies conducted, most have focused on temperate feed stuffs with little attention given to tropical feed resources, especially cereal straw as from rice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplementation of rice straw (Oryza sativa) with exogenous fibrolyticenzymes improves in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics

Sujani¹,

Piyasena²,

Seresinhe³

et al. 2017

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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Materials and methods Substrate preparationThe substrate (rice straw) was prepared by oven drying (55 °C, 48 h) and grinding to pass through a screen (1 mm). Organic matter and crude protein were analyzed according to the AOAC (8), and fiber fractions were determined following methods described by Van Soest et al. (9). Five hundred milligrams of substrate were used as the sample. Enzymes and dosesThe enzyme products were characterized for the activity of cellulase (CE; E.C.

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Effects of different levels of an enzyme mixture on in vitro gas production parameters of contrasting forages

Cited by 35 publications

References 25 publications

Deriving fractional rate of degradation of logistic-exponential (LE) model to evaluate early in vitro fermentation

Deriving fractional rate of degradation of logistic-exponential (LE) model to evaluate early in vitro fermentation

Maximizing Fiber Utilization of Silage in Ruminants

Supplementation of rice straw (Oryza sativa) with exogenous fibrolyticenzymes improves in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics

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