Effects of different loads on the surface of silver metal oxide contacts for general-purpose relays

Schoepf, T.J.; Hauner, F.

doi:10.1109/tcapt.2005.859755

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Silver has the best conductivity (63 × 10 6 (m·Ω) −1 ) and thermal conductivity (429 W/m·K) of all metals, but is inferior in its resistance to welding and arc erosion. Silver-based electrical contact material, which adds a reinforcing phase in Ag matric, can improve arc breaking performance, voltage withstand capacity and machining performance on the basis of its excellent conductivity and thermal conductivity, and meet the more stringent and complex use requirements of modern industry [ 2 , 3 ]. Therefore, it is deeply favored in the electrical contact industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of AgSnO2 Contact Materials Doped with Different Concentrations of Cr

Wang

Zhu

et al. 2022

Materials

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As an important component carrying the core function and service life of switching appliances, the selection and improvement of electrical contact materials is of great significance. AgSnO2, which is non-toxic, environmentally friendly and has excellent performance, has become the most promising contact material to replace AgCdO. However, it has deficiencies in machinability and electrical conductivity. The property of AgSnO2 contact material was improved by doping element Cr. The relationship between the mechanical and electrical properties of AgSnO2 contact materials and doping concentrations were investigated and analyzed by simulation and experiment. Based on the first principle, the elastic constants of supercell models Sn1−xCrxO2 (x = 0, 0.083, 0.125, 0.167, 0.25) were calculated. The results show that the material with a doping ratio of 25% is least prone to warp and crack, and the material with a doping ratio of 12.5% has the best toughness and ductility and the lowest hardness, which leads to molding and is subsequently easier to process. The Cr-doped AgSnO2 contacts with different doping proportions were prepared by the sol–gel and powder metallurgy method. Additionally, their physical performance and electrical contact properties were measured in experiments. The results show that the doped SnO2 powders prepared by the sol–gel method realize integration doping, which is consistent with the crystal model constructed in the simulation calculation. Sn0.875Cr0.125O2 has lower hardness, which is beneficial to process and form. Doping helps to stabilize the arc root, inhibit the ablation of contact by arc, reduces arc duration and arc energy, improves the resistance to arc erosion of AgSnO2 contact material, and makes electrical contact performance more stable. The contact material with a doping concentration of 16.7% has the best arc erosion resistance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of AgSnO2 Contact Materials Doped with Different Concentrations of Cr

Wang

Zhu

et al. 2022

Materials

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“…1. The optimal Ag/ZnO may achieve the same electrical contact performance as other Ag/MeO materials at disparate load [13][14][15][16] . Based on the median of the first failure of the Ag/ZnO(8) material with specific load, T.J. Schoepf [15] compared the performance of Ag/ZnO (8) with other Ag/MeO, and found that though Ag/ZnO(8) needed to be further optimized at inrush current load, the performance of Ag/ZnO(8) at resistive load was significantly better than Ag/CdO (10), Ag/SnO2(8) and Ag/Fe2O3(6.4).…”

Section: Properties Of Ag/zno Electrical Contact Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress in Silver Zinc Oxide Electrical Contact Material

Zhao

Xie

Fang

et al. 2021

MSF

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Since the performance of silver metal oxide (Ag/MeO) electrical contact materials directly affects the reliability and service life of switching apparatus, the related research on high-performance Ag/MeO electrical contact materials has not stopped. And with the rapid development of switching apparatus, higher and higher requirements are put forward for the performance of Ag/MeO electrical contact materials. Thanks to low and stable contact resistance, short arc burning time, good resistance to high current impulse (3000-5000 A) and good anti-arc erosion, silver zinc oxide (Ag/ZnO) more than just serves as an indispensable environmentally friendly alternative to silver cadmium oxide (Ag/CdO) electrical contact material, and has become one of the important research hotspots of Ag/MeO in recent years. Nevertheless, Ag/ZnO is suffering the increasingly serious challenges, especially the poor processability and electrical properties due to the easy segregation of zinc oxide (ZnO) during the process of preparation, which urge scholars at home and abroad to seek favorable methods to optimize the Ag/ZnO. As yet, impressive strides have been made in optimization the preparation process, nano-technology and additive modification of materials, and research on the failure mechanism of materials. Aiming to provide reference for optimizing Ag/ZnO electrical contact material, this review retrospects the research progress in Ag/ZnO electrical contact materials in recent years, and expounds the preparation methods, processing technology, modification research and failure mechanism of Ag/ZnO, and points out the future development directions of Ag/ZnO.

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“…Electrical performance of Ag/ZnO contact materials depend on the configuration of ZnO oxide particles into the Ag matrix. 7,19,20 Properties and configuration of Ag/ZnO contact material rely on the second phase ZnO to some extent. It is of great importance to control the shape and size of ZnO using a controllable method since novel properties of ZnO depend on its size, shape, and crystalline structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of preparing method of ZnO powders on electrical arc erosion behavior of Ag/ZnO electrical contact material

Wei

Zhang

et al. 2016

J. Mater. Res.

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Two kinds of Ag/ZnO electrical contact materials were fabricated by powder metallurgy method. The electrical life testing was done to investigate the arc erosion behavior of the prepared contact materials. Their properties and morphologies were characterized and discussed in detail. Results showed that Ag/ZnO (c) with coprecipitated ZnO as the second phase had better mechanical and electrical properties compared with Ag/ZnO (a) with ZnO purchased from Aladdin Industrial, Inc. Besides, some typical morphologies, such as holes, Ag or ZnO enrichment zone, Ag skeletons and bubbling area, occurred on the surface of the contacts. Especially for Ag/ZnO (c) , vertically aligned ZnO nanorod arrays were detected after the life testing without any other supporting equipment. The existence of a solid solution Zn 1Àx Ag x O and different energy generated during arcing process were possible reasons resulting in this phenomenon. A solid-vapor-solid mechanism was put forward to analyze the phenomenon mentioned above. These evidences could also offer some valuable information desired for reducing the splashing of Ag droplet under arcing.

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Effects of different loads on the surface of silver metal oxide contacts for general-purpose relays

Cited by 12 publications

References 3 publications

Properties of AgSnO2 Contact Materials Doped with Different Concentrations of Cr

Properties of AgSnO2 Contact Materials Doped with Different Concentrations of Cr

Research Progress in Silver Zinc Oxide Electrical Contact Material

Effect of preparing method of ZnO powders on electrical arc erosion behavior of Ag/ZnO electrical contact material

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