Effects of different metal ions in phosphonitrile-modified organometallic complexes on flame retardancy of epoxy resin

Facile preparation of a hydrophobic intumescent flame retardant toward simultaneously enhanced flame retardancy and smoke suppression of thermoplastic polyurethane

“…48,49 As the temperature increases from 330 °C to 400 °C, the peaks at 1763 cm −1 and 2208 cm −1 can be observed, attributing to carbonyl compounds and CO, respectively. 50,51 In contrast to TPU, the above characteristic peaks can still be observed in the FTIR spectra of TPU/4APP and TPU/4HIFR. It is worth noting that the absorption intensities of CO 2 , CO and ester components for TPU/4HIFR are lower than those of TPU/4APP, proving that the catalytic charring effect of the HIFR is superior to that of APP, thus inhibiting the degradation process of TPU.…”

Ultratough Epoxy Resin Based on an Ionic Complex from Phytic Acid

“…In addition, the residue char volumes increased and expanded gradually with the increase of PA-DAD loading. As shown in the SEM photos in Figure a1–c1, the char layer of EP/PA-DAD composites were relatively compact compared with neat EP, which could isolate the oxygen and heat exchange between gas and condensed phases, thereby interrupting the combustion process. , Moreover C, N, O, and P were the most abundant components in the char residues of the EP/PA-DAD composites. The inclusion of P by PA-DAD facilitates catalytic EP carbonization, leading to the production of an intumescent and dense, phosphorus-rich char layer.…”

A simple synthesis of a guaiacol based reactive flame retardant and its application in epoxy resins

“…14(c), it can be seen that the o -phenylphenol ( m / z = 170) peak at 14.624 min derived from the DOPO decomposition and was further broken down into a series of phosphorus-containing fragments, such as o -phenoxy radicals ( m / z = 169) and OP–O–Ph radicals ( m / z = 141 and m / z = 139), which finally cleaved into catechol radicals, ˙PO 2 ( m / z = 63) and ˙PO ( m / z = 47). The ˙PO and ˙PO 2 can capture ˙H and ˙OH in the gas phase, 36,37 and their quenching effect will block the combustion chain reaction, inhibit the combustion intensity and ultimately preventing the epoxy matrix being further damaged. According to the above analysis, PGD can play the role of diluting non-flammable gases and quenching reactive radicals in the gas phase.…”