Effects of different monochromatic lights on refractive development and eye growth in guinea pigs

Li, Rui; Qian, Yuguo; He, Julian; Hu, Min; Zhou, Xingtao; Dai, Jinhui; Qu, Xiaomei; Chu, Ren-yuan

doi:10.1016/j.exer.2011.03.003

Cited by 107 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The three primary alterations that have been investigated include variations in the diurnal light-dark cycle and the intensity and spectral composition of ambient lighting. These studies have shown that disturbances in the circadian rhythms of ocular mechanisms can interfere with refractive development, [10][11][12] and that both luminance [13][14][15] and chromatic mechanisms 16,17 are involved in the visual regulation of ocular growth. In addition, it has been shown that in comparison with ordinary indoor lighting levels, elevated lighting promotes low degrees of hyperopia, whereas dim lighting levels that are sufficient to maintain normal circadian rhythms promote ocular enlargement and myopia.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual regulation of refractive development: insights from animal studies

Smith

Hung

Arumugam

2013

Eye

106

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Investigations employing animal models have demonstrated that ocular growth and refractive development are regulated by visual feedback. In particular, lens compensation experiments in which treatment lenses are used to manipulate the eye's effective refractive state have shown that emmetropization is actively regulated by signals produced by optical defocus. These observations in animals are significant because they indicate that it should be possible to use optical treatment strategies to influence refractive development in children, specifically to slow the rate of myopia progression. This review highlights some of the optical performance properties of the vision-dependent mechanisms that regulate refractive error development, especially those that are likely to influence the efficacy of optical treatment strategies for myopia. In this respect, the results from animal studies have been very consistent across species; however, to facilitate extrapolation to clinical settings, results are presented primarily for nonhuman primates. In agreement with preliminary clinical trials, the experimental data show that imposed myopic defocus can slow ocular growth and that treatment strategies that influence visual signals over a large area of the retina are likely to be most effective. Eye (2014) 28, 180-188; doi:10.1038/eye.2013.277; published online 13 December 2013Keywords: myopia; hyperopia; defocus; emmetropization Curtin 1 credits Kepler with being one of the first vision scientists to recognize the association between near work and myopia and for hypothesizing that myopia was an adaptation to near work. Although these seminal observations (circa 1610) have been replicated numerous times and much has been learnt about potential risk factors for the development of common forms of myopia, centuries of research on myopia in humans have failed to provide a clear indication of what it is about near work that promotes the development of myopia or to identify the physiological mechanisms that promote myopia in children as a result of chronic near work. However, beginning in the 1960s, research employing animal models was greatly expanded and began to provide new insights into the effects of visual experience on ocular growth and refractive development.The nature of the visual manipulations that have been employed to characterize refractive development in animals fall into three broad categories. The first category involved either natural or imposed restrictions in viewing distance and was largely motivated by the near work hypothesis. For example, comparisons of refractive errors between feral and domesticated or laboratory-reared animals supported the idea that environments that restrict viewing distance are myopiagenic. 2,3 However, these studies suffered from many of the same confounding issues associated with human studies. 4 A more controlled line of research was begun by Levinsohn 5 and continued most notably by Young, 6-9 who demonstrated that monkeys reared in environments with a maximum viewing distance o...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual regulation of refractive development: insights from animal studies

Smith

Hung

Arumugam

2013

Eye

106

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“…For example, in a comparison of the effects of raising guinea pigs under equiluminant short wavelength light (430 nm) or middle wavelength light (530 nm), Liu et al (Liu, Qian et al 2011) demonstrated that after 12 weeks the 530 nm group was less hyperopic due to faster vitreous elongation, while the 430 nm group was more hyperopic following slower vitreous elongation. The difference in refraction between the groups (4.50 D) exceeded the longitudinal chromatic aberration of the guinea pig eye (approximately 1.5 D) at the selected wavelengths, which was possibly due to additional accommodative effects produced by the monochromatic illumination (Seidemann and Schaeffel 2002), or by wavelength-dependent alteration of retinal or retinal pigment epithelium growth signals (Liu, Qian et al 2011). …”

Section: Chromaticity and Refractive Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, exposure to the blue part of the spectrum also appears to suppress myopia development in guinea pigs (e.g. (Liu, Qian et al 2011;Wang, Zhou et al 2011)). …”

Section: Light and Melatonin Suppressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myopia, Light and Circadian Rhythms

Phillips¹,

Backhouse²,

Collins³

2012

Advances in Ophthalmology

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“…Since the spectral content of natural outdoor light is different to that of artificial indoor lighting, this leaves open the possibility that the spectral composition of light exposure may be an additional factor contributing to the longitudinal changes in axial length. Animal studies also indicate that the spectral composition of light may be important in the regulation of eye growth, since animals reared under various monochromatic lighting conditions develop refractive error, albeit with substantial interspecies differences in the apparent responses to different wavelengths (Long et al, 2009;Rucker & Wallman, 2009;Liu et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2011;Liu et al, 2014;Smith et al, 2015). Animal studies tend not to support a major role for ultraviolet (UV) light in eye growth regulation however, since compensatory eye growth in response to defocus can be achieved with or without the presence of UV light (Ashby et al, 2009;Ashby & Schaeffel, 2010;Hammond & Wildsoet, 2012;Smith et al, 2012;Smith et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2015).…”

Section: Seasonal Variation In Longitudinal Axial Length Changes and mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, we did not assess near-work in this study, but assumed that the near-work demands would have been similar for all the participants, since all of the participants were university students and all measurements were taken during the academic semesters. The spectral content of indoor artificial Chapter 6: Conclusion 169 lighting could be another factor involved in the association between less time outdoors and greater axial elongation, since animal studies have shown that different monochromatic light sources can influence eye growth (Long et al, 2009;Rucker & Wallman, 2009;Liu et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2011;Liu et al, 2014;Smith et al, 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Influence of Light Exposure and Seasonal Changes on Short-Term and Longer-Term Changes in Axial Length of the Human Eye

Ulaganathan¹

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It is widely accepted that environmental factors play a significant role in regulating eye growth and myopia development. There is also considerable evidence that ambient light exposure is an important environmental risk factor associated with eye growth in children, however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Furthermore, animal studies have shown that diurnal variations in ocular components appear to be involved in the mechanisms controlling eye growth. Animal studies also suggest that altering light exposure disrupts normal diurnal variations and can lead to the development of refractive errors. Despite this evidence, the exact role of light exposure and ocular diurnal rhythms in the regulation of human eye growth, and the interaction between these factors is not well understood. Myopia development and progression have been widely documented in young adults and typically occurs due to axial elongation, but there has been limited research examining the potential impact of ambient light exposure upon eye growth and myopia development and progression in young adults.Therefore, this research examined the habitual light exposure patterns in a population of young adult emmetropes and progressing myopes using objective techniques, and assessed the influence of light exposure upon daily axial length variations and longitudinal axial eye growth in this population. The potential association between daily axial length fluctuations and longer-term changes in axial length was also explored.Since there is no consensus on the optimal sampling strategy required for capturing personal objective light exposure measurements, in the first study, we systematically examined the impact of different measurement durations and measurement frequencies upon objective light exposure measures, in order to determine the optimal sampling strategy to reliably capture habitual light exposure patterns of both children (Age: 11 to vi The influence of light exposure and seasons upon the axial length changes in humans 15 years) and young adults (Age: 18 to 30 years). Ambient light exposure data were obtained using a wrist-worn light sensor (Actiwatch 2), which was configured to measure instantaneous light levels every 30 seconds, 24 hours a day for a period of 14 consecutive days in children (n = 30) and young adults (n = 31). Daily time exposed to bright outdoor (>1000 lux) light levels was derived from the raw 14 days of data with 30 second sampling, and was subsequently derived from data re-sampled from 12, 10, 8, 6, 4 and 2 randomly selected measurement days using 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 10 minute sampling rates. Calculating daily outdoor light exposure time using a lower number of days and coarser sampling frequencies did not significantly alter the mean time spent in bright (outdoor) light. However, a significant increase in measurement variability occurred for outdoor light exposure derived from less than 8 days and from 3 minutes or coarser measurement frequencies in adults, and from less than 8 days and from 4 minutes or coarser...

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Effects of different monochromatic lights on refractive development and eye growth in guinea pigs

Cited by 107 publications

References 30 publications

Visual regulation of refractive development: insights from animal studies

Visual regulation of refractive development: insights from animal studies

Myopia, Light and Circadian Rhythms

The Influence of Light Exposure and Seasonal Changes on Short-Term and Longer-Term Changes in Axial Length of the Human Eye

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