Effects of Different n6/n3 PUFAs Dietary Ratio on Cardiac Diabetic Neuropathy

Abstract

We studied the influence of experimentally induced DM1, in combination with different dietary n6:n3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratios on different types of nerve fibers in rat myocardium, in order to reveal whether protective/unfavorable effects of different PUFAs on myocardial function in diabetic patients could be a (partial) repercussion of their effect on the changes in cardiac innervation. The control group (c) and diabetic group (stz) were fed with an n6/n3 ratio of ≈7; the diet of the stz+n6 group had an n6/n3 ratio ≈60, while the diet for the stz+DHA group contained 2.5% of fish oil (containing 16% eicosapentaenoic acid—EPA and 19% docosahexaenoic acid—DHA), n6/n3 ratio of ≈1. DM1 was induced by i.p. injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg) and rats were euthanized 30 days after induction. Immunohistochemistry was used for the detection and quantification of different types of neuronal fibers in the cardiac septum. We found changes in cardiac innervations characteristics for the initial phase of experimental DM1, which manifested as an increase in total number and area density of all neuronal fibers, measured by Pgp9.5 immunoreactivity. By detailed analysis, we found that this increase consisted mostly of heavy myelinated NF200 immunoreactive fibers and TH immunoreactive sympathetic fibers, while the density of ChAT immunoreactive parasympathetic fibers decreased. In the deep (middle) part of the myocardium, where rare fibers (of all studied types) were found, significant differences were not found. Surprisingly, we found a more consistent protective effect of n6 PUFAs, in comparison to n3 PUFAs supplementation. These results may provide a better understanding of the potential impacts of different PUFA ratios in the diet of diabetic patients on cardiac innervation and genesis and outcome of diabetic autonomic cardiomyopathy.

The Nutritional Value and Safety of Genetically Unmodified Soybeans and Soybean Feed Products in the Nutrition of Farm Animals

“…The biological value of fat mostly depends on its content and fatty acids profile. An excess of n-6 acids in the diet and a very high ratio of n-6 to n-3 acids are considered a factor causing various diseases, including cardiovascular, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases as well as cancers [45] A high n-3 PUFA level and a low n-6/n-3 ratio has the opposite effect. In the n-3 PUFA group α-linolenic acid (ALA), which is converted into EPA and DHA, is the dominant acid in the diet, but the scale of its conversion in the human body is relatively low.…”

Influence of dietary genistein and polyunsaturated fatty acids on lipid peroxidation and fatty acid composition of meat in quail exposed to heat stress

“…Therefore, increased amounts of these FA in poultry products is a good strategy to get the proper amounts shown in the present work. The low ratios of n-6 to n-3 PUFA have been linked to the prevention of certain diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases (Simopoulos, 2006;Urlić et al 2020). The low ratios were also in accord with greater concentrations of 18:2, ALA, EPA, DHA, total PUFA, total USFA, total n-3 PUFA, and total n-6 PUFA in thigh muscle of quail supplemented with high PUFA, supporting healthier poultry products for human consumption.…”

Expression Pattern of iNOS, BCL-2 and MMP-9 in the Hip Synovium Tissue of Patients with Osteoarthritis

“…After deparaffinization, sections for immunohistochemistry were rehydrated in decreased ethanol grades as we described previously [ 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ]. Briefly, the slides were heated in citrate buffer (pH 6.0) in a microwave oven for 12 min.…”