Effects of Different Organic Fertilizers on Improving Soil from Newly Reclaimed Land to Crop Soil

Abstract

The rapid development of cities in the recent 10 years caused a reduction in the cultivated land area, which only accounts for 14% of the total land area in China. Land development and reclamation have been regarded as an effective way to compensate farmland occupation. However, most of the newly reclaimed land has poor soil fertility and suitability; in some cases, the production capacity is only 10–30% of the occupied farmland. In order to ameliorate the soil quality of the newly reclaimed land, this study evaluated the effects of commercial organic fertilizer (0.75, 1.50, and 2.25 kg/m2), mushroom residue (1.50, 2.25, and 3.00 kg/m2), biogas slurry (150, 225, and 300 kg/m2), vegetable cake (0.30 and 0.60 kg/m2), and chemical compound fertilizer (37.50 g/m2) on the pH, moisture content and organic matter content (OMC), available phosphate, total nitrogen, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, and number of total bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, as well as the growth of maize seedlings. The results from this study indicate that the soil quality (OMC is an indicator) was ameliorated by chemical and organic fertilizers, in particular commercial organic fertilizers, which caused a 9.35–16.35% increase in moisture content, a 11.56–18.72% increase in pH, a 1.73–2.15 fold increase in OMC, a 338.44–491.41% increase in available P, a 36.80–48.14% increase in total N, a 95.32–128.34% increase in alkaline hydrolysis N, a 92.57–178.38% increase in total bacterial numbers, and a 7.57–20.87 fold increase in microbial biomass carbon compared with the control. The pot experiment further indicated that soil amended with commercial organic fertilizers caused a 20.35–30.55% increase in the height and a 12.50–16.67% increase in the total dry weight of maize seedlings. In addition, representative strains with the ability to dissolve phosphorus and fix nitrogen were successfully isolated using the culture method, and were then identified based on colony morphological observation and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, which help us to not only understand why organic fertilizer has great effect on soil improvement, but also provides beneficial microbial resources for further study.

Effect of Two Kinds of Fertilizers on Growth and Rhizosphere Soil Properties of Bayberry with Decline Disease

“…Furthermore, the result of this study showed that there was a complex relationship between soil parameters and plant/microbial growth and soil nutrient elements because there was a differential change between the disease alone and in combination with either CF or OF in the contents of available soil nutrient elements, such as the content of alkalihydrolyzable nitrogen, exchangeable calcium, available phosphorus and exchangeable magnesium in bayberry rhizosphere soil. In agreement with the result of this study, the growth of soil microbe is affected by a lot of environmental factors such as soil pH and organic matter as well as the content of exchangeable magnesium, nitrogen, available phosphorus and exchangeable calcium [53].…”

“…Furthermore, the result of this study showed that there was a complex relationship between soil parameters and plant/microbial growth and soil nutrient elements because there was a differential change between the disease alone and in combination with either CF or OF in the contents of available soil nutrient elements, such as the content of alkalihydrolyzable nitrogen, exchangeable calcium, available phosphorus and exchangeable magnesium in bayberry rhizosphere soil. In agreement with the result of this study, the growth of soil microbe is affected by a lot of environmental factors such as soil pH and organic matter as well as the content of exchangeable magnesium, nitrogen, available phosphorus and exchangeable calcium [53]. Furthermore, the result of this study showed that there was a complex relationship between soil parameters and plant/microbial growth and soil nutrient elements because there was a differential change between the disease alone and in combination with either CF or OF in the contents of available soil nutrient elements, such as the content of alkalihydrolyzable nitrogen, exchangeable calcium, available phosphorus and exchangeable magnesium in bayberry rhizosphere soil.…”

Effect of Plant-Growth-Promoting Fungi on Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) in New Reclamation Land

“…Immature soil is not suitable for plant growth, but it can be modified by adding organic matter and PGP microbes to promote soil maturity and plant growth [1][2][3]. However, little attention has been paid to the effect of PGP microbes on plant growth promotion in immature soil.…”

“…The immature soil in developed land is not suitable for plant growth because it does not have enough time to develop via normal soil-forming processes. In most instances, the soil is acidic and poor in nutrients with a high gravel content [1].…”

The Damage Caused by Decline Disease in Bayberry Plants through Changes in Soil Properties, Rhizosphere Microbial Community Structure and Metabolites

“…On the other hand, it has been well documented that the growth of soil microbes is affected by a series of environmental factors such as soil pH, organic matter and magnesium content, as well as available nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium [29,30]. Furthermore, the results of this study revealed the complexity of the relationship between microbial growth and soil nutrient elements due to the fact that a differential change was observed between diseased and healthy bayberry rhizosphere soil in the contents of available soil nutrient elements, such as available nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus, as well as the magnesium content; indeed, nutritional balance may be best for microbial growth.…”