Effects of different periods of gastric ischemia on liver as a remote organ

Abstract

To evaluate the hepatic changes associated with gastric ischemia. Methods: Thirty male rabbits were studied, distributed in 3 groups (n=10). Group 1: ligature and section of the gastric vasculature and removal of the liver after three hours; Group 2: ligature and section of the gastric vasculature and removal of the liver after 6 hours; Group 3: ligature and section of the gastric vasculature and removal of the liver after 12 hours. Blood samples were collected immediately before surgery and after the determined time of ischemia in each group to evaluate the hepatic function. After the death of the rabbits, the liver was removed for macro and microscopic study. Results: An increase in aminotransferases and bilirubin occurred in groups 2 and 3. Total protein and albumin diminished in all of the animals. All of the rabbits from groups 2 and 3 presented hepatocellular necrosis. Conclusion: The devascularization of the stomach for a period of above three hours is associated with hepatic morphological and functional disorders.

Restoration of Hepatic and Intestinal Integrity by Phyllanthus amarus Is Dependent on Bax/Caspase 3 Modulation in Intestinal Ischemia-/Reperfusion-Induced Injury

“…IIRI is especially lethal because of the disruption of the intestinal barrier, which results in increased permeability to toxins and bacteria, thereby allowing them to gain access to the general circulation [7]. The massive flux of intestinal microbial flora into portal circulation and, finally, into the systemic circulation [8,9] results in septicemia, which triggers a strong inflammatory response culminating in damage to distal organs such as the liver [10], lungs [11], kidney [12], heart [13], and even the brain [13]. Generally, the generation of reactive oxygen species plays a central role in the pathophysiological mechanism of IRI [5] through damage to cellular lipids [14], proteins [15], and DNA [16], which invariably facilitates apoptosis, eventually leading to cell death pathways [17].…”