Effects of different polyaniline emeraldine compositions in electrodepositing ginsenoside encapsulated poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) microcapsules coating: Physicochemical characterization and in vitro evaluation

Abstract

Even though drug‐eluting stent (DES) has prominently reduced restenosis, however, its complication of delayed endothelialization has caused chronic side effect. A coating of ginseng‐based biodegradable polymer could address this issue due to its specific therapeutic values. However, deposition of this type of stable coating on metallic implant often scarce. Therefore, in this study, different polyaniline (PANI) emeraldine compositions were adopted to electrodeposit ginsenoside encapsulated poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) microcapsules coating. The coating surfaces were analyzed using attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, contact angle, and atomic force microscopy instruments. A month coating stability was then investigated with an evaluation of in vitro human umbilical vein endothelial cell analyses consisted of cytotoxicity and cells attachment assessments. The 1.5 mg PANI emeraldine has assisted the formation of stable, uniform, and rounded microcapsules coating with appropriate wettability and roughness. Less than 1.5 mg PANI emeraldine was not enough to drive the formation of microcapsules coating while greater than 1.5 mg caused the deposition of melted microcapsules. The similar coating also has promoted greater cells proliferation and attachment compared to other coating variation. Therefore, the utilization of electrodeposition to deposit a drug‐based polymer coating could be implemented to develop DES, in accordance to stent implantation which ultimately aims for enrich endothelialization.

Advances in Polyaniline for Biomedical Applications

“…Bortuali et al prepared electroactive and biocompatible fibrous scaffolds based on PANI, PLA and polyethylene glycol (PEG) that are suitable for cardiac tissue engineering applications [130]. Electrodeposited coatings of ginsenoside, PANI and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microcapsules were realized by Lukman and Saidin and showed encouraging applications in drug-eluting stents (DES) manufacturing [131]. Xu and coworkers used cellulose hydrogel as template to in situ PANI synthesis [132].…”