Effects of different sources and levels of dietary chromium supplementation on performance of broiler chicks

Abstract

Micronutrients as trace minerals play an important role in various metabolic, enzymatic, and biochemical reactions ultimately leading to better growth rate, egg production, and feed efficiency of poultry (Kheiri & Toghyani, 2009). Chromium (Cr) is generally recognized to be the active component in glucose tolerance factor (GTF), which increases the sensitivity of tissue receptors to insulin, resulting in increased glucose uptake by cells (Mertz, 1993). The insulin hormone increases the glucose and amino acid uptake into muscle cells that regulate protein, energy and fat metabolism, deposition of muscle tissue, and cholesterol utilization (Moeini, Bahrami, Ghazi, & Targhibi, 2011). Poultry commercial diets are conventionally composed of plant origin ingredients (basically corn-soya diets) which are unlikely to meet the Cr requirements of growing broilers (Spears, 1999), so available source of Cr with an adequate level should be supplemented in poultry diets. Therefore, there is a need to evaluate the bioavailability of different chromium forms (organic vs. inorganic form) for broiler chickens. Trivalent Cr (+3) is found either in inorganic form of the element (chromium oxide, chromium chloride) or in organic compounds such as chromium methionine, chromium picolinate, nicotinate, and high-Cr yeast (Sahin et al., 2017). Although the mineral form (chromium chloride) is the most important form commercially

Effects of supplemental different clay minerals in broiler chickens under cyclic heat stress

“…With this improvement in immunity, the body's high level of immunity can affect the number of microorganisms to resist pathogens, including bacteria [81]. Although different from our results, other studies have shown that chromium methionine and zinc-bearing clinoptilolite and formic acid modified clinoptilolite can significantly affect numbers of E. coli, Lactobacillus, and Salmonella [82][83]. The reason for the different research results might be due to the difference in the amount of minerals added and the difference in the chelate of minerals.…”

Effects of organic chromium sources on growth performance, lipid metabolism, antioxidant status, breast amino acid and fatty acid profiles in broilers

“…demonstrated no differences in growth performance among treatments of broilers fed Cr‐treated diets with 200–800 μg kg −1 Cr in the form of Cr‐yeast, CrPic and CrCl 3 , respectively. Safwat et al 35 . also demonstrated no differences in Arbor Acres broiler growth performance in the CrMet group and Cr‐yeast group under normal conditions.…”

“…found that the T‐AOC content increased in the leg muscle of broilers fed diets containing 200 μg kg −1 Cr from CrMet, which was much more effective than Cr‐yeast and CrPic in the leg. Safwat et al 35 . demonstrated that serum MDA content was decreased in CrMet‐ or Cr‐yeast‐supplemented groups of broilers.…”

“…indicated that diets supplemented with CrPic and Cr histidinate did not influence serum CHO under thermoneutral conditions, but decreased serum CHO levels under heat stress, with Cr histidinate proving to be superior to the CrPic group in Ross 308 broilers. Safwat et al 35 . reported that, compared with the control group, serum TG, CHO and low‐density lipoprotein content was decreased and high‐density lipoprotein content was elevated in broilers fed diets containing 500 and 1000 μg kg −1 Cr in the form of CrMet or Cr‐yeast, with no significant difference between the CrMet group and Cr‐yeast group.…”

Dietary Supplemental Chromium Yeast Improved the Antioxidant Capacity, Immunity and Liver Health in Broilers under High Stocking Density

“…According to the meta-analysis of White and Vincent [ 26 ], in recent years, the research range of chromium in different forms and sources in broiler diets is 200–2000 µg Cr/kg under non-stress, and the research range under heat stress is 200–4 × 10 5 µg Cr/kg. Safwat et al [ 27 ] reported that adding 1000 and 1500 µg Cr/kg Cr-yeast to the diet of Arbor Acres broilers can reduce the feed conversion ratio of 0–21 days old and 0–35 days old under normal conditions; Sahin et al [ 20 ] reported that adding 200, 400, 800, and 1200 µg Cr/kg Cr-Pic to the diet of Ross broilers increased feed intake and decreased serum corticosterone content under heat stress. In addition, there have been many studies on the effects of different organic chromium (Cr-Pic, chromium nicotinate (Cr-Nic), chromium propionate (Cr-Pro) and Cr-Met) on broilers, but few studies were reported on the alleviation of high stocking density stress by organic chromium.…”