Effects of different sources and levels of dietary gossypol on gossypol residues in plasma and milk of lactating cows

Abstract

Free gossypol residues in tissues or milk from feeding whole cottonseed and cottonseed meal were measured for their effect on health of dairy cows and humans. Forty lactating cows were randomly assigned to 5 treatments in a 60-d experiment to investigate the effects of sources and dietary level of gossypol on plasma and milk gossypol concentrations in lactating cows. Five experimental diets had identical net energy for lactation and crude protein content on a dry matter (DM) basis. Soybean meal was the main protein ingredient used in the control diet. Cottonseed meal (CSM) or whole cottonseed (WCS) substituted for part of the soybean meal in the other 4 diets. Gossypol levels in the 5 diets were 0 (control), 91.15 mg/kg of DM in CSM1, 117.31mg/kg of DM in CSM2, 385.43 mg/kg of DM in WCS1, and 611.13 mg/kg in WCS2. Yields of 3.5% fat-corrected milk were significantly higher for cows in the WCS2 group; cows in the CSM1 and WCS1 groups showed no differences but both were numerically higher than the control and CSM2 groups. Milk protein concentration was lower for cows consuming WCS1 compared with the control group. Lactose concentration was lower for cows in the CSM2 group compared with the WCS2 group, but no differences were observed among other diets. Aspartate aminotransferase in serum was significantly higher for the WCS2 group compared with the control and WCS1 groups, but no difference was observed with the CSM1 and CSM2 groups. Concentrations of gossypol in plasma and milk of cows in the WCS1 and WCS2 groups were both higher than those of the other groups. No adverse effects were observed on cows fed diets containing 12.0% CSM, and no gossypol was found in plasma and milk. When WCS comprised 15% of the diet DM, yields of 3.5% fat-corrected milk were increased in cows and gossypol was detected in plasma and milk but not at harmful levels.

In situ rumen degradation characteristics and bacterial colonization of whole cottonseed, cottonseed hull and cottonseed meal with different gossypol content

“…In the present experiment, the content of gossypol in WCS2 and WCS3 was consistent with the above results, but FG in WCS1 was greater than the above results, which may be related to WCS varieties and other factors. Wang et al ( 2012 ) reported that the content of FG in CSM was 0.9 g/kg, which was greater than the FG content of CSM samples of present study. The FG content of CSH sample in the present experiment was close to the results of Viana et al ( 2015 ).…”

Gossypol detoxification in the rumen and Helicoverpa armigera larvae: A review

“…High gossypol diets also decreased milk production and milk protein and increased the somatic cell score in lactating cows ( Higginbotham et al., 2004 ). Fortunately, gossypol residue in milk was far below the maximum residue limits of FG specified by the Food and Agriculture Organization and the US Food and Drug Administration, which are set at 600 and 450 mg/kg, respectively ( Wang and Plhak 2004 ; Zhong 2007 ; Wang et al., 2012 ).…”

Chemische en fysische gevaren in de Nederlandse diervoederketen

“…Van gossypol (katoenplant) is bekend dat het in lage hoeveelheden overgedragen kan worden naar plasma en melk (Wang et al, 2012). Overdracht van indospicine (Indigofera plant)(aminozuur, arginine analoog) naar vlees is gemeld in Australië (FitzGerald et al, 2011;Tan et al, 2014).…”