Effects of different supplementary cementitious materials on durability and mechanical properties of cement composite – Comprehensive review

Fode, Tsion Amsalu; Chande Jande, Yusufu Abeid; Kivevele, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17924

Cited by 44 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 200 publications

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“…Analyzing the first peak of the DTG curve (refer to Figure 5), it is evident that the content of ettringite, C-S-H, and free water at all depths of the reference mix P1 is greater than in other mixes. Considering that all mixes underwent the same conditions and drying procedures and acknowledging that the C-S-H content is higher in the blended pastes [51], it can be concluded that the ettringite content in the reference mix is elevated, extending even to a depth of 15 mm. This indicates not only the poor resistance of P1 when it comes to ESA but also suggests that the attack has reached the core of the reference mix.…”

Section: Thermogravimetric Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-Term Effects of External Sulfate Attack on Low-Carbon Cementitious Materials at Early Age

El Inaty,

Aydin,

Houhou

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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Placed in a sulfate-rich environment, concrete reacts with sulfate ions, influencing the long-term durability of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. This external sulfate attack (ESA) degrades the cement paste through complex and coupled physicochemical mechanisms that can lead to severe mechanical damage. In common practice, RC structures are generally exposed to sulfate at an early age. This early exposition can affect ESA mechanisms that are generally studied on pre-cured specimens. Moreover, current efforts for sustainable concrete construction focus on replacing clinker with supplementary cementitious materials, requiring a 90-day curing period, which contradicts real-life scenarios. Considering all these factors, the objective of this study is to explore ESA effects at an early age on cement-blended paste samples using various low-carbon formulations. The characterization techniques used demonstrated that the reference mix (100% CEM I) exhibits the weakest resistance to sulfate, leading to complete deterioration after 90 weeks of exposure. This is evident through the highest mass gain, expansion, cracking, formation of ettringite and gypsum, and sulfate consumption from the attacking solution. Conversely, the ternary mix, consisting of CEM I, slag, and metakaolin, demonstrates the highest resistance throughout the entire 120 weeks of exposure. All the blended pastes performed well in the sulfate environment despite being exposed at an early age. It can be recommended to substitute clinker with a limited quantity of metakaolin, along with blast furnace slag, as it is the most effective substitute for clinker, outperforming other combinations.

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Section: Thermogravimetric Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the reference mix P1 exhibits a significantly higher overall portlandite content compared to the blended mixes. This is attributed to the absence of the pozzolanic effect of SCM, which typically favors the formation of C-S-H [34,51].…”

Section: Thermogravimetric Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Effects of External Sulfate Attack on Low-Carbon Cementitious Materials at Early Age

El Inaty,

Aydin,

Houhou

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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“…On the other hand, with the increasing age, the strengths increased with higher volcanic ash contents [33]. In general, the presence of high levels of volcanic ash results in good workability, a high resistance to chloride penetration, high mechanical strength and good durability [34,35], despite the fact that these characteristics may not be displayed in MKPC systems due to the lack of chemical reactivity in the acid-base reaction. Volcanic ash has not been yet reported in the literature for being added as a filler in MPC formulations, but it has similar chemical and mineralogical characteristics to pumice, metakaolin, wollastonite, blast furnace slag or fly ash used in previous works (high content of Si, Al and Fe and a dominant silicate and silicoaluminate mineral composition).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of the Magnesium-to-Phosphate Molar Ratio on Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Cement Properties Using Either Wollastonite or Volcanic Ash as Fillers

Padilla-Encinas,

Dieguez,

Cuevas

et al. 2024

Minerals

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The use of the fillers wollastonite and volcanic ash for the formulation of magnesium phosphate cements prepared at magnesium-to-phosphate molar ratios of 2, 3 and 4 has been investigated, with the objective of evaluating these formulations for the encapsulation of aluminium radioactive waste. The workability, mechanical strength, dimensional stability, pH, chemical composition and mineralogical properties of cement pastes and mortars were examined. All cement pastes presented fast setting, and the workability was only good at 3 and 4 M. The cement mortars presented high compressive strength and dimensional stability. K-struvite was confirmed as the sole reaction product of the reaction for all formulations. The pH of the cement pastes, measured in suspensions, achieved values in the range of 7.8 to 9.5 after the first days of setting, exceeding pH 8.5 for the 2 and 3 M formulations. pH values below 8.5 are theoretically preferred to avoid potential aluminium corrosion. Both fillers presented adequate characteristics (good workability, chemical compatibility) to be used in the formulation of magnesium phosphate cements. The increasing magnesium-to-phosphate molar ratio prevented unwanted efflorescence and increased the mechanical stability of the cement.

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Predictive Modeling for Compressive Strength in Sustainable Concrete Using Machine Learning Techniques

Bolla,

Matla,

Wani

et al. 2024

Advances in Environmental Sustainability, Energy and Earth Science

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Effects of different supplementary cementitious materials on durability and mechanical properties of cement composite – Comprehensive review

Cited by 44 publications

References 200 publications

Long-Term Effects of External Sulfate Attack on Low-Carbon Cementitious Materials at Early Age

Long-Term Effects of External Sulfate Attack on Low-Carbon Cementitious Materials at Early Age

The Influence of the Magnesium-to-Phosphate Molar Ratio on Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Cement Properties Using Either Wollastonite or Volcanic Ash as Fillers

Predictive Modeling for Compressive Strength in Sustainable Concrete Using Machine Learning Techniques

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