Effects of different types of conditioning on rates of leaf-litter shredding by<i>Xiphocaris</i><i>elongata</i>, a Neotropical freshwater shrimp

Crowl, Todd A.; Welsh, Vanessa; Scalley, Tamara Heartsill; Covich, Alan P.

doi:10.1899/0887-3593(2006)25[198:eodtoc]2.0.co;2

Cited by 50 publications

(56 citation statements)

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“…Although we did not quantify shrimp abundance, previous evidence from this stream suggests that shrimp may have accounted for differences in leaf breakdown between coarse-and finemesh bags in our study. Shrimps (A. lanipes and Xiphocaris elongata) are important breaking down leaf-litter in headwater streams in the Luquillo Mountains (Covich & McDowell, 1996;Crowl et al, 2006;Cross, Covich, Crowl, Benstead & Ramirez, 2008). March et al (2001) experimentally attributed a fast rate of leaf decay primarily to shredding by shrimps (particularly X. elongata).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Zalamea & González (2008) showed a bimodal pattern of leaf fall in this Puerto Rican forest. Rates of decomposition of these riparian inputs can be rapid, but different tree species have distinct patterns of decay that depend on the chemical contents and structure of their leaves (Padgett, 1976;Vogt et al, 1996;Wright & Covich, 2005;Crowl, Welsh, Heartsill-Scalley & Covich, 2006).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Secondarily, we studied the effect of excluding decapods and insects on leaf litter breakdown. Previous field and lab studies on Luquillo headwater streams and their food web have typically focused on the influence of either insects (Ramírez & Hernández-Cruz, 2004;Bobeldyk & Ramírez, 2007) or shrimps (Crowl et al, 2001;Crowl et al, 2006;March, Benstead, Pringle & Ruebel, 2001) but very few on leaf litter species effects (Wright & Covich, 2005).…”

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Effects of insect and decapod exclusion and leaf litter species identity on breakdown rates in a tropical headwater stream

Rincón

Covich

2014

RBT

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High species richness of tropical riparian trees influences the diversity of organic detritus entering streams, creating temporal variability in litter quantity and quality. We examined the influence of species of riparian plants and macroinvertebrate exclusion on leaf-litter breakdown in a headwater stream in the Luquillo Mountains of Puerto Rico. Leaf litter of Dacryodes excelsa (Burseraceae), Guarea guidonia (Meliaceae), Cecropia scheberiana (Moraceae), Manilkara bidentata (Sapotaceae), and Prestoea acuminata (Palmae) were incubated in litter bags in a pool of Quebrada Prieta. Fine mesh bags were used to exclude macroinvertebrates during leaf breakdown, and coarse mesh bags allowed access to decapod crustaceans (juvenile shrimps and crabs) and aquatic insects (mainly mayflies, chironomids, and caddisflies). D. excelsa and G. guidonia (in coarse-and fine-mesh bags) had significantly higher breakdown rates than C. scheberiana, M. bidentata, and P. acuminata. Breakdown rates were significantly faster in coarse-mesh bag treatments for all leaf types, thus indicating a positive contribution of macroinvertebrates in leaf litter breakdown in this headwater stream. After 42 days of incubation, densities of total invertebrates, mayflies and caddisflies, were higher in bags with D. excelsa and G. guidonia, and lower in P. acuminata, C. scheberiana y M. bidentata. Decay rates were positively correlated to insect densities. Our study highlights the importance of leaf identity and macroinvertebrate exclusion on the process of leaf litter breakdown in tropical headwater streams. Rev. Biol. Trop. 62 (Suppl. 2): 143-154. Epub 2014 April 01.

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Effects of insect and decapod exclusion and leaf litter species identity on breakdown rates in a tropical headwater stream

Rincón

Covich

2014

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“…Freshwater habitats may have been simply an empty ecological niche that shrimps invaded with sufficient benefits to overcome the physiological problems of adaptation to freshwater. The freshwater stream systems of tropical rainforests and habitats, in which many amphidromous shrimps live, are rich in organic matter from leaf fall, twigs and fruit, which sustains a productive detritusbased food web (Covich & McDowall, 1996;Crowl et al, 2006). In Caribbean island streams, atyid shrimps, with their unique scraping and filtering chela brushes, are important harvesters of detritus and periphyton.…”

Section: Evolutionary Origins Of Amphidromymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amphidromy in shrimps has received much attention in the last two decades with the discovery of marine larval development in freshwater species (e.g., shrimps; Hunte, 1977Hunte, , 1978Hunte, , 1980. Research on the ecology of tropical streams has indicated the importance of these shrimps in stream food webs and ecosystem function (leaf shredders, algal consumers) (Crowl et al, 2006;Cross et al, 2008;Synder et al, 2011). The construction of dams and other human impacts on rivers in these areas has interrupted the downstream delivery of larvae to the sea, as well as the return upstream migrations of juveniles returning from the sea.…”

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confidence: 99%

Amphidromy in shrimps: a life cycle between rivers and the sea

Bauer¹

2013

lajar

101

102

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ABSTRACT. Amphidromy is a diadromous life history pattern, common in tropical and subtropical freshwater caridean shrimps, in which adults live, breed and spawn small-sized embryos in freshwater but have extended larval development (ELD) in marine waters. Most completely freshwater species spawn large embryos with either direct or abbreviated larval development (ALD). An important benefit of amphidromy is dispersal among river systems via marine larvae, which increases their access to alternative habitats. Thus, amphidromous species have much broader geographic distributions than closely related completely freshwater ones with ALD. ALD and freshwater ELD species appear to have evolved from amphidromous species with marine ancestors. Delivery of larvae to the sea in many amphidromous species is accomplished by upstream hatching and river drift of larvae to the sea. In other species, the females themselves apparently migrate down to marine waters to spawn. After development, the postlarvae must find a river mouth and migrate upstream to the adult habitat. Migrations occur at night, with juveniles swimming or crawling along the river or stream bank. Larvae are released during the wet or flood season of the year, while juvenile migrations take place during the dry or low-flow season. Both larval downstream and juvenile upstream movements are disrupted by human impacts such as dams and other forms of river control. Although much progress has been made in understanding the evolution and ecology of amphidromy, research is still needed on all aspects of shrimp amphidromy, especially in Latin America with its diverse freshwater shrimp fauna. Keywords: Caridea, diadromy, larvae, juveniles, migration, streams, rivers.Anfidromía en camarones: un ciclo de vida entre los ríos y el mar RESUMEN. La anfidromía es un ciclo de vida común en camarones tropicales y subtropicales de agua dulce, en que los adultos viven, se aparean y desovan embriones pequeños en agua dulce, pero tienen un extenso desarrollo larval (DLE) en aguas marinas. Especies con embriones grandes tienen un desarrollo larval abreviado o directo (DLA), y pasan toda su vida en agua dulce. Un beneficio importante de la anfidromía es la dispersión en los ríos por medio de larvas marinas. Por eso, las especies anfidrómicas tienen distribuciones geográficas más amplias que las especies de agua dulce sin larvas marinas. Al parecer, las especies con DLA han evolucionado de especies anfidrómicas con antepasados marinos. La llegada de larvas al mar en algunas especies anfidrómicas ocurre por la deriva de larvas por la corriente del río. En otras especies, las hembras migran río abajo para liberar sus larvas en agua salada. Después del desarrollo larval en el mar, las postlarvas tienen que buscar una desembocadura de un río y luego, migrar río arriba al hábitat de los adultos. Las migraciones ocurren durante la noche, con los juveniles nadando o siendo transportados por la corriente del río. La eclosión de las larvas ocurre durante la temporada de lluvia (flujo alto), pero ...

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Socio‐ecological lessons from the multiple landfalls of Hurricane Georges

Bloem

Martin

2021

Ecosphere

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Over the course of 16 d in the fall of 1998, Hurricane Georges made landfall on five Caribbean Island nations, two U.S. states, and two territories. Along its path, it impacted nearly every type of built environment and terrestrial and marine ecosystem found in the Caribbean and the southeastern United States. We reviewed ecological and sociological research related to Georges in order to demonstrate the potential power of regional synoptic networks despite notable gaps that existed at the time. Most studies examined various effects and responses within four years of the storm, though a few reported longer‐term results. Reduction in forest stem density was the most reported ecological effect and ranged from 7% to 51% among sites in different forest types. Forests previously impacted by Hurricane Hugo in 1989 showed lower mortality from Georges than forests with longer hurricane‐free intervals. Rivers in the storm's path exported heavy loads of sediment to marine systems. For example, 5–10 million tons of sediment was transported to marine systems from Puerto Rico, and suspended sediments increased tenfold in coastal Louisiana. Economic costs directly related to Hurricane Georges ranged from 5% to 200% of annual GDP in the year after the storm. Sociological research indicated that children and college students exposed to Hurricane Georges experienced elevated effects on mental health such as anxiety and depression for up to 2.5 yr. Established research areas and longitudinal studies were valuable in understanding hurricane effects in the context of long‐term trends but fragmented research capacity reduced both local and regional synthetic efforts. Georges provides a template of how future integrated research programs could provide a deeper understanding of how nature, urbanization, human culture, and societal norms interact, respond, and recover from a major hurricane. However, future studies should avoid using the Saffir‐Simpson scale as a shorthand indicator or predictor of storm effects because topographic, historical, ecological, political, infrastructural, and societal factors interact to alter storm effects. The breadth of topics addressed in the research produced after Georges shows the potential for transformative, regionally synthetic research that spans whole watersheds and nearshore areas while integrating ecological and social sciences.

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Effects of different types of conditioning on rates of leaf-litter shredding byXiphocariselongata, a Neotropical freshwater shrimp

Cited by 50 publications

References 47 publications

Effects of insect and decapod exclusion and leaf litter species identity on breakdown rates in a tropical headwater stream

Effects of insect and decapod exclusion and leaf litter species identity on breakdown rates in a tropical headwater stream

Amphidromy in shrimps: a life cycle between rivers and the sea

Socio‐ecological lessons from the multiple landfalls of Hurricane Georges

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