Effects of direct-fed microbials and their combinations with yeast culture on <i>in vitro</i> rumen fermentation characteristics

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the effects of Bacillus licheniformis (Bl) and Clostridium butyricum (Cb) and their combinations with yeast culture on in vitro rumen fermentation in a twoway factorial design. Treatments included Bl or Cb at levels of 0, 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 mg and their combination with yeast culture at 0, 18, 27, 36 and 60 mg per 200 mg substrate, respectively. Gas production was recorded after 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h incubation. In vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) was estimated by 24 h gas production. Rumen fermentation parameters were determined after 24 h of incubation. Rate constant of gas production was not influenced by Bl or Cb alone, but increased (P<0.05) with inclusion of yeast culture. The IVOMD was influenced (P<0.05) by addition with Bl, Cb or yeast culture, with highest IVOMD observed when Bl or Cb was combined with 60 mg yeast culture. Total volatile fatty acids were affected by Bl and yeast culture (P<0.01), but not by Cb (P>0.05). There were significant interaction effects on pH, acetate to propionate ratio and ammonia-N between yeast culture and Bl or Cb. From the above results, it is indicated that Bl and Cb may be more effective as feed additives when combined with yeast culture than when offered separately.

Enhancing Butyrate Production, Ruminal Fermentation and Microbial Population through Supplementation with Clostridium saccharobutylicum

“…However, after 24 h incubation, similar gas production was observed between the control and treatment with 10 6 CFU/ml C. saccharobutylicum. Our results were consistent with the results reported by Doto and Liu [45], where addition of a butyrate-producing bacteria, C. butyricum, seemingly had no influence on the rate of gas production at 24 h incubation.…”

“…Furthermore, Kowalski et al [57] demonstrated that supplementation of 2% of microencapsulated sodium butyrate had no effect on NH 3 -N concentration in dairy cows. Other studies also revealed that probiotics comprised of Lactobacillus plantarum, Enterococcus faecium and Clostridium butyricum [57] and C. butyricum alone [45] did not influence NH 3 -N concentration. Microbial crude protein (MCP) is the major source of metabolizable protein for ruminant animals because of its quantity and excellent amino acid profile [58].…”

Influence of Yeast Fermented Cassava Chip Protein (YEFECAP) and Roughage to Concentrate Ratio on Ruminal Fermentation and Microorganisms Using &lt;italic&gt;In vitro&lt;/italic&gt; Gas Production Technique

“…This was probably due to YEFECAP promoting growth of rumen cellulolytic bacteria and lactate-utilizing bacteria. Yeast may also have stimulated bacterial growth through removal of oxygen that occurs in ruminal fluid and in that way can prevent toxicity to the ruminal anaerobes ( Chaucheyras-Durand et al, 2008 ; Doto and Liu, 2011 ). This will in turn increase polysaccharidase and glycoside-hydrolase activities towards lignified plant tissues, “unlocking” the fiber’s digestible fraction (hemicellulose and cellulose), which will be digested by the cellulolytic microorganisms.…”

Optimal Cultivation Time for Yeast and Lactic Acid Bacteria in Fermented Milk and Effects of Fermented Soybean Meal on Rumen Degradability Using Nylon Bag Technique

“…Yeast can promote the growth of cellulolytic bacteria and lactate-utilizing bacteria. Yeast also stimulates bacterial growth through removal of oxygen that occurs in ruminal fluid and in that way prevents oxygen toxicity to the ruminal anaerobes ( Chaucheyras-Durand et al, 2008 ; Doto and Liu, 2011 ). Jouany (2006) reported that yeast culture could consume oxygen in rumen fluid that enters the rumen by coating with feed particles.…”