Effects of direct injection and mixture enleament on the combustion of hydrous ethanol and an ethanol-gasoline blend in an optical engine

Oliveira, Enrico R. Malheiro de; Rufino, Caio Henrique; Lacava, Pedro Teixeira

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2022.125137

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…So that it is an indicating the average preferential direction of the combustion propagation is in the y-axis, which means that the swirl flow generated by the intake valve is low compared to the tumble. Martinez-Boggio et al 42 has similar results of the combustion centroid with syngas and CH 4 blends and Malheiro de Oliveira et al 43 also found this behaviour using hydrous ethanol and ethanol-gasoline blends. Both studies did not measure the speed and standard deviation of the centroids, both studies use the same engine of this work.…”

Section: Optical Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…The combined effects described in the previous paragraphs result in less complete combustion of the fuel, promoting in the exhaust high amounts of partial oxidation products, such as CO, UHC and the unburned fuel itself. Malheiro de Oliveira et al 43 observed high amount of unburned fuel in an optical access engine using ethanol and that this situation worsens in lower temperature regimes, in that case due to the mixture becoming leaner. Based on this context, one can explain the high CO and UHC emissions in ppm presented here.…”

Section: Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental study of the methane and producer gas blends in an optical spark ignition engine: Combustion characteristics, thermodynamics and emissions

Carvalho

Mendoza

Santos

et al. 2022

International Journal of Engine Research

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Thermal processes and power generation systems may employ producer gas generated through gasification as an alternative to replace natural gas with lower carbon footprint. However, pure producer gas in engines is associated with a significant power derating that can be mitigated by blending it with other biofuels. This work evaluated the effects of methane and producer gas blends on the performance of a SI engine. The additions of methane were 10%, 25% and 50% on a molar basis. The results demonstrated that adding 25% methane to producer gas is enough to sustain the combustion reaction with good stability and a power derating of 10.8%. The addition of 50% methane to producer gas attains efficiency and combustion characteristics remarkably similar to pure natural gas with a power de-rating of 5.4%. Emissions indicated that carbon monoxide (CO) has decreased with the addition of methane to producer gas from 85 to 3.43 g/kWh, while nitrogen oxides ([Formula: see text]) emissions have increased from 0 to 8.85 g/kWh. In the case of unburned hydrocarbons (UHC), emissions did not considerably change before adding 25% methane to producer gas and stayed constant at approximately 10 g/kWh. Engines designed to run on natural-gas could use this mixture without significant modifications to the combustion chamber while decreasing NOx emissions.

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Section: Optical Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study of the methane and producer gas blends in an optical spark ignition engine: Combustion characteristics, thermodynamics and emissions

Carvalho

Mendoza

Santos

et al. 2022

International Journal of Engine Research

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…At these early stages, this effect would contribute to a more stable initial flame propagation regardless of the electrode gaps present. In other words, the application of E96W4 as a fuel could potentially retard the observation of poor combustion in situations where spark plug wearing is observed [13,36]. In general, the dilution effect tends to be more pronounced in E96W4 cases adopting 0.5 mm electrode spark gap, as indicated in Figure 13(b) where higher variability for HCF is shown.…”

Section: Thermodynamic Analysismentioning

confidence: 94%

“…A possible explanation is the higher heat losses in the cases with the lower electrode gap leading to a cooler flame and slower flame speed. The discharge energy has more pronounced influence in cases with the higher spark gap, affecting considerably the results obtained for the final velocity 36 . In summary it is inferred by these results that the influence of the spark plug design parameters and the discharge energy are the main drivers for the initial flame kernel development and influence the flame propagation [39].…”

Section: Thermodynamic Analysismentioning

confidence: 95%

Numerical Study of Spark Plug Electrode Gap Influence of in-cylinder Ethanol Flame Propagation

Martins,

TeixeiraLacava

2023

Preprint

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Within the current restringing emissions regulations the trends for renewable fuel adoption, such as ethanol, have grown in the automotive industry. Besides the benefits when used as the single fuel, ethanol can also leverage the advantages in the context of hybrid vehicles by replacing the petroleum derived fuels in such configuration. In this scenario, the optimization of combustion events in internal combustion engines is paramount to not only promote high performance, but also support fuel economy. Factors such as the combustion chamber design, the positioning of the spark plug and the injector are crucial to support a successful flame propagation, avoiding misfires and decreasing knock propensity. In addition, wearing of those parts can jeopardize the occurrence of reliable and stable combustion events leading to poor emission performance, high fuel consumption and potential hardware damages due to occurrence of knocking events. This research aims to numerically analyze the effects of different spark plug electrode gaps in engine-like conditions by applying STAR-CD, a computational fluid dynamics commercial software, to mimic different configurations and operational conditions. The validation and tuning of the numerical models are conducted based on experimental tests performed in an optically accessible direct injection spark ignition engine, operating with two ethanol-based fuels, E96W4 and E100. Thermodynamic data was simultaneously acquired and correlated with the digital UV-visible images in cycle-resolved basis. The numerical models adopted consist of 3-Zones Extended Coherent Flame and Imposed Stretch Spark Ignition Models, applied for the modeling of the combustion and the spark plug respectively.

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Numerical study of spark plug electrode gap influence of in-cylinder ethanol flame propagation

Martins,

Lacava

2024

J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng.

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Effects of direct injection and mixture enleament on the combustion of hydrous ethanol and an ethanol-gasoline blend in an optical engine

Cited by 8 publications

References 39 publications

Experimental study of the methane and producer gas blends in an optical spark ignition engine: Combustion characteristics, thermodynamics and emissions

Experimental study of the methane and producer gas blends in an optical spark ignition engine: Combustion characteristics, thermodynamics and emissions

Numerical Study of Spark Plug Electrode Gap Influence of in-cylinder Ethanol Flame Propagation

Numerical study of spark plug electrode gap influence of in-cylinder ethanol flame propagation

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