Effects of Discontinuation of Growth Hormone Treatment on Body Composition and Metabolism

Gerver, W. J. M.; Bruin, R. de; Waal, Henriëtte A. Delemarre-van de; Aldewereld, B.; Theunissen, Peter T.; Westerterp, K.R.

doi:10.1159/000023570

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…We found that the bGH mice had higher EE on a ND, that clearly increased by a HFD. This mimics the human situation where GH substitution to GH-deficient patients (17,21), as well as acromegaly, increases EE (18,19). However, it is not known whether the effect of GH on EE in humans is maintained on a low-fat diet.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Bovine Growth Hormone Transgenic Mice Are Resistant to Diet-Induced Obesity but Develop Hyperphagia, Dyslipidemia, and Diabetes on a High-Fat Diet

et al. 2005

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It is known that bovine GH (bGH) transgenic mice have increased body mass, insulin resistance, and altered lipoprotein metabolism when fed a normal diet (ND). In this study, the effects of 8 wk of high-fat diet (HFD) were investigated in 6-month-old male bGH mice. Although littermate controls had unchanged energy intake, energy intake was higher in the bGH mice on a HFD than on a low-fat diet. Nevertheless, the bGH mice were resistant to diet-induced weight gain, and only in the bGH mice did the HFD result in increased energy expenditure. Glucose oxidation was higher in the bGH mice compared with littermate controls on both a HFD and ND. In addition, the bGH mice had 0.5 C higher body temperature throughout the day and increased hepatic uncoupling protein 2 expression; changes that were unaffected by the HFD. On a HFD, the effect of bGH overexpression on serum triglycerides and apolipoprotein B was opposite to that on a ND, resulting in higher serum concentrations of triglycerides and apolipoprotein B compared with littermate controls. Increased serum triglycerides were explained by decreased triglyceride clearance. The HFD led to diabetes only in the bGH mice. In conclusion, bGH transgenic mice were resistant to diet-induced obesity despite hyperphagia, possibly due to increased energy expenditure. On a HFD, bGH mice became dyslipidemic and diabetic and thereby more accurately reflect the metabolic situation in acromegalic patients.

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Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…It is a general finding in clinical GH studies that GH treatment (21), as well as acromegaly, results in increased EE (18,19). However, few studies have addressed the influence of GH on EE (22) or body temperature in rodents (23).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine Growth Hormone Transgenic Mice Are Resistant to Diet-Induced Obesity but Develop Hyperphagia, Dyslipidemia, and Diabetes on a High-Fat Diet

et al. 2005

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“…The articles listed in Table 1 did not explicitly investigate the correlation between GH and sleep, nor did they assess the influence of GH therapy on sleep quality. They investigated various topics, such as the effects of radiotherapy on GH secretion and sleep characteristics ( 14 ), metabolic consequences during sleep due to interrupting GH therapy ( 15 ), and sleep disorders and GH secretion in children with burns ( 16 ). These articles do not specifically focus on the relationship between GHD and/or GH therapy and sleep.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex relationship between growth hormone and sleep in children: insights, discrepancies, and implications

Zaffanello,

Pietrobelli,

Cavarzere

et al. 2024

Front. Endocrinol.

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Growth hormone (GH) is crucial to growth and development. GH secretion is regulated by a complex feedback system involving the pituitary gland, hypothalamus, and other organs, and predominantly occurs during deep sleep. Isolated and idiopathic growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is a condition characterized by GHD without any other signs or symptoms associated with a specific syndrome or disease. The aim of this narrative review was to evaluate the relationship between GH and sleep in children using published data. Various databases (Medline/PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) were systematically searched for relevant English language articles published up to April 2023. Search strategies included the terms ‘children/pediatric’, ‘growth hormone’, ‘growth hormone deficiency’ and ‘sleep’. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers; 185 papers were identified of which 58 were duplicates and 118 were excluded (unrelated n=83, syndromic/genetic GHD n=17, non-English n=13, abstract n=1, case report n=1). Overall, nine studies (six clinical studies, two case series, and one survey) were included. GHD appears to have an adverse effect on sleep in children, and GH therapy has only been shown to have a beneficial effect on sleep parameters in some individuals. Notably, identified data were limited, old/poor quality, and heterogenous/inconsistent. Further research of GHD in pediatric populations is necessary to improve the understanding of GHD impact on sleep and its underlying mechanisms, and to determine the specific impacts of GH therapy on sleep in children.

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“…1 ). Low GH concentrations are associated with increased body fat, in particular in the visceral regions, and decreased lean body mass [4,5] and are known as independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the metabolic syndrome [6 -8] . In obese men, diurnal GH concentrations are reduced by 75 % compared to age-matched normal weight subjects [9] .…”

Section: Introduction ▼mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Protein Ingestion on GH Concentrations in Visceral Obesity

Vught¹,

Nieuwenhuizen²,

Veldhorst³

et al. 2010

Horm Metab Res

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Growth hormone (GH), a hormone originating from the anterior pituitary gland, is an important regulator of metabolism and body composition. Low GH secretion is associated with features of the metabolic syndrome, in particular increased visceral body fat and decreased lean body mass. It has been shown that GH release can be promoted by ingestion of protein, in particular gelatin protein. The question remains; is the GH-promoting effect of gelatin protein also present in a population with blunted GH response, such as visceral obesity? 8 lean women (age: 23+/-3 years, BMI: 21.6+/-2.0 kg/m (2)) and 8 visceral obese women (age: 28+/-7 years, BMI: 33.8+/-5.5 kg/m (2)) were compared with regard to their 5-h GH response after oral ingestion of gelatin protein (0.6 g protein per kg bodyweight), placebo (water), or injection of growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) (1 mu/kg body weight), in a randomized crossover design. GH response after placebo, gelatin protein, or GHRH was higher in lean subjects than in visceral obese subjects (p<0.05). Ingestion of gelatin protein increased GH response compared with placebo in both visceral obese (182.1+/-81.6 microg/l.5 h vs. 28.4+/-29.8 microg/l.5 h) and lean (631.7+/-144.2 microg/l.5 h vs. 241.0+/-196.8 microg/l.5 h) subjects (p<0.05). GH response after ingestion of gelatin protein in visceral obese did not differ from that in lean, placebo-treated subjects (p=0.45). GH concentrations after GHRH injection correlated significantly with GH concentrations after gelatin ingestion (AUC; r=0.71, p<0.01, Peak; r=0.81, p<0.01). Further research is needed to investigate if gelatin protein is able to improve metabolic abnormalities in hyposomatotropism in the long term or to investigate the relevance of protein as diagnostic tool in hyposomatotropism.

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Effects of Discontinuation of Growth Hormone Treatment on Body Composition and Metabolism

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Bovine Growth Hormone Transgenic Mice Are Resistant to Diet-Induced Obesity but Develop Hyperphagia, Dyslipidemia, and Diabetes on a High-Fat Diet

Bovine Growth Hormone Transgenic Mice Are Resistant to Diet-Induced Obesity but Develop Hyperphagia, Dyslipidemia, and Diabetes on a High-Fat Diet

Complex relationship between growth hormone and sleep in children: insights, discrepancies, and implications

The Effects of Protein Ingestion on GH Concentrations in Visceral Obesity

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