Effects of Disinfection and Steam Sterilization on the Mechanical Properties of 3D SLA- and DLP-Printed Surgical Guides for Orthodontic Implant Placement

Pop, S.; Dudescu, Cristian; Mihali, Sorin Gheorghe; Păcurar, Mariana; Bratu, Dana Cristina

doi:10.3390/polym14102107

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Most recently, Pop et al conducted a similar study on the influence of disinfection and autoclaving on the flexural properties of surgical guide materials for additive manufacturing [29]. In contrast to our results, they found significantly increased flexural moduli for both autoclaving cycles that the specimens were subjected to (i.e., 121 • C, 1 bar, 20 min and 134 • C, 2 bar, 10 min).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 96%

“…Reasons for the contrasting results could be different post-curing conditions of the specimens, different materials, different loading speed (i.e., 5 mm/s), and possibly different specimen geometry, which, however, remained unspecified. Interestingly, one of the two materials that were examined in their study was used in the present study in group 3 (i.e., Dental SG, Formlabs Inc.), which was the only group that we found to have an increased flexural modulus after being treated at 134 • C, in agreement with the results of Pop et al [29].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The statistical analysis was performed using Excel 2016 (Microsoft). A convenience sample size was determined, based on similar publications in this field [29,30]. For Vickers hardness, repeated measurements on the same specimen were pooled.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Steam Autoclaving on the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Resins Used for Insertion Guides in Orthodontics and Implant Dentistry

et al. 2022

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Guided implant placement has been shown to be more accurate than free-handed insertion. Still, implant position deviations occur and could possibly pose risks. Thus, there is a quest to identify factors that might impair the accuracy of implantation protocols using templates. This study aimed to investigate the influence of autoclaving cycles (cycle 1: 121 °C, 1 bar, 20.5 min; cycle 2: 134 °C, 2 bar, 5.5 min) on the Vickers hardness and flexural modulus of five different materials used for 3D-printed insertion guides. The specimens were subjected to Vickers hardness tests, showing significant changes in the Vickers hardness for two and three materials out of five for cycle 1 and 2, respectively. The results of the three-point bending tests (n = 15 specimens per material) showed decreasing flexural moduli after autoclaving. However, changes were significant only for one material, which presented a significant decrease in the flexural modulus after cycle 2. No significant changes were detected after cycle 1. In conclusion, our findings show that autoclaving can alter the mechanical properties of the templates to some extent, especially with cycle 2. Whether these modifications are associated with dimensional changes of the templates and reduced accuracy of the implantation protocols remains to be investigated.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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Impact of Steam Autoclaving on the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Resins Used for Insertion Guides in Orthodontics and Implant Dentistry

et al. 2022

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“…Steam sterilization might not only cause geometric and dimensional changes, as investigated in the current study, but it might also have an effect on mechanical properties. A recent study by Pop et al investigated the effects of disinfection and steam sterilization (at 121 • and at 134 • ) on the mechanical properties of 3D-printing materials and 3D-printed surgical guides for orthodontic mini-implants [41]. The first part of the study, which investigated the mechanical properties, concluded that DLP 3D-printed specimens that underwent steam sterilization at 121 • showed a significant increase in flexural strength, the flexural modulus of elasticity, tensile strength and the tensile modulus of elasticity in comparison to the control group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Sterilization on the Accuracy and Fit of 3D-Printed Surgical Guides

et al. 2023

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This study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of 3D-printed surgical guides before and after sterilization in a steam sterilizer. A test-model incorporating three implant replicas was customized. A total of forty guides were printed from five printable resins. A group made from a self-curing composite served as control group. The guides were checked for fit. Vertical discrepancies between the model and guides were measured at standardized points at a load of 500 g (P1). The guides were connected to implant replicas and scanned, and their angles were digitally measured. The specimens were sterilized in a steam sterilizer at 121 °C for 20 min at 2 bar pressure. Vertical discrepancies (P2) and angulations were remeasured. Additionally, the specimens were repositioned with an increased load, and measurements were repeated (P3). All specimens were repositionable after sterilization. The smallest variation in discrepancy at a 500 g load was 428 µm, whereas the greatest was 1487 µm. Under an increased force, the smallest change was 94 µm, while the greatest was 260 µm. The level of significance α = 0.05 (95% confidence interval) was set for all tests. The variation in the measured angles was not statistically significant (Kruskal–Wallis’s test, p > 0.05). The accuracy was affected by the material and sterilization, but it was clinically acceptable when an increased load was applied during repositioning.

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“…For example, it is adopted for massive production of automotive parts by Desktop Metal and is exploited for large scale fabrication of medical devices, soft actuators, and shoe soles by global corporations such as Medtronic, Boston Scientific, and Adidas, respectively. [3][4][5][6] The emerging applications of DLP printing include fabrication of biomedical implants, [7] dental surgical guides, [8] tissue models, [9][10][11] as well as wax models in jewelry, [12] sculptures in aesthetics, [13] and metamaterials in soft robotics. [14][15][16] The DLP technique is based on local photocrosslinking of a liquid ink, which mainly consists of monomers/oligomers/macromonomers, a crosslinker, and a photoinitiator.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

4D‐Printable Photocrosslinkable Polyurethane‐Based Inks for Tissue Scaffold and Actuator Applications

Goodarzi Hosseinabadi,

Biswas,

Bhusal

et al. 2023

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Abstract4D printing recently emerges as an exciting evolution of conventional 3D printing, where a printed construct can quickly transform in response to a specific stimulus to switch between a temporary variable state and an original state. In this work, a photocrosslinkable polyethylene–glycol polyurethane ink is synthesized for light‐assisted 4D printing of smart materials. The molecular weight distribution of the ink monomers is tunable by adjusting the copolymerization reaction time. Digital light processing (DLP) technique is used to program a differential swelling response in the printed constructs after humidity variation. Bioactive microparticles are embedded into the ink and the improvement of biocompatibility of the printed constructs is demonstrated for tissue engineering applications. Cell studies reveal above 90% viability in 1 week and ≈50% biodegradability after 4 weeks. Self‐folding capillary scaffolds, dynamic grippers, and film actuators are made and activated in a humid environment. The approach offers a versatile platform for the fabrication of complex constructs. The ink can be used in tissue engineering and actuator applications, making the ink a promising avenue for future research.

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Effects of Disinfection and Steam Sterilization on the Mechanical Properties of 3D SLA- and DLP-Printed Surgical Guides for Orthodontic Implant Placement

Cited by 15 publications

References 45 publications

Impact of Steam Autoclaving on the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Resins Used for Insertion Guides in Orthodontics and Implant Dentistry

Impact of Steam Autoclaving on the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Resins Used for Insertion Guides in Orthodontics and Implant Dentistry

The Effect of Sterilization on the Accuracy and Fit of 3D-Printed Surgical Guides

4D‐Printable Photocrosslinkable Polyurethane‐Based Inks for Tissue Scaffold and Actuator Applications

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