Effects of Distraction on the Contingent Negative Variation in Presenile Dementia and Normal Subjects

Rizzo, Andrea; Albani, G; Cicardi, Cristina; Spadaro, M; Morocutti, C

doi:10.1159/000118121

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Alzheimer's disease is characterized by a loss of cholinergic neurons in the nucleus basalis of Meynert and decreased activity of ChAT and AchE in the frontal cortex and hippocampus (see Coyle et al, 1983;Terry and Davies, 1980;Terry and Katzman, 1983, for reviews). Victims of Alzheimer's disease exhibit decreases in the amplitude of the contingent negative variation, a conditioned slow negative wave recorded from the scalp in response to a cue followed by some meaningful event (Rizzo et al, 1984). Similar event-related slow potentials may be recorded from the rat frontal cortex using the same conditioning paradigm that elicits conditioned unit responses (Pirch et al, 1983(Pirch et al, ,1985a.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleus basalis involvement in conditioned neuronal responses in the rat frontal cortex

Rigdon¹,

Pirch²

1986

J. Neurosci.

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Rat frontal cortex neurons exhibit alterations in firing in response to a 2 sec tone cue followed by rewarding medial forebrain bundle (MFB) stimulation. Nucleus basalis neurons supply up to 75% of the cortical cholinergic innervation. The nucleus basalis and ACh have been implicated as playing a role in cognitive function. Three experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that the nucleus basalis cholinergic system is involved in the generation of conditioned neuronal responses in the rat frontal cortex. Local microinjection of the cholinergic antagonist, atropine, into the frontal cortex suppressed the conditioned responses of 22 of 25 cortical single units. Unilateral kainic acid lesioning of the nucleus basalis resulted in a significant decrease in the proportion of units exhibiting conditioned responses in the cortex ipsilateral to the lesion (25%) compared to the proportion of responding units from the cortex of untreated animals (70%). When the firing rates of units encountered in the region of the nucleus basalis were monitored during presentation of the cue-MFB paradigm, 28 of 38 unit recordings exhibited significant increases or decreases in firing rate. Therefore, the results of the experiments indicate that the nucleus basalis cholinergic neurons are involved in the generation of conditioned neuronal responses in the rat frontal cortex.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleus basalis involvement in conditioned neuronal responses in the rat frontal cortex

Rigdon¹,

Pirch²

1986

J. Neurosci.

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“…Example: Masking paradigm according to Sperling (1960) (Branconnier et al, 1977Carella et al, 1982), additive graded model according to Sternberg (1969) (Frowein, 1981;DiLollo et al, 1982;Callaway, 1983). -Assessment of general parameters of performance (e.g., decreased performance due to cognitive and emotional stimuli, pressure of time, or distraction (Rizzo et al, 1984);…”

Section: The Level Ofobjective Assessment Ofperformance (B)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Proof of Efficacy of Nootropics for the Indication "Dementia" (Phase III) - Recommendations*

Menges¹

1992

Pharmacopsychiatry

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“…Moreover, there are some discrepancies among the reported findings and data interpretations, which are very probably due to the different levels of cognitive impairment ex-aminecL the great variety of experimental designs, recording procedures and methods of analysis adopted [47,50,14,23,22,25,26,38]. A predse relationship between aging, different forms and stages of dementia and the CNV complex with its various components and related cognitive processes has not yet been established on the experimental evidence so far reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive event-related potentials and reaction time in presenile subjects with initial mild cognitive decline or probable Alzheimer-type dementia

et al. 1990

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The so-called contingent negative variation (CNV) is a slow brain potential representing a complex of variously overlapped "endogenous" components of behavior related to different reasonably well-known neurocognitive processes. CNV complex evoked with a standard paradigm (S1-2 sec-S2-motor response) and reaction time (RT) to imperative signal (S2) were recorded and measured in 11 patients with initial presenile idiopathic cognitive decline (PICD), 8 with presenile Alzheimer-type dementia (PAD) and 10 healthy age-matched controls. Significant group differences were obtained for measures of some CNV components, particularly of the late pre-S2 CNV. No significant CNV activity, very prolonged RTs and sometimes characteristic post-imperative negative variation (PINV) were observed in the majority of patients with PAD. These results suggest that CNV complex and RT changes similar to those observed in our patients may constitute a valuable clue for the study of pathophysiological brain functioning in the early stages of presenile idiopathic mental deterioration.

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Effects of Distraction on the Contingent Negative Variation in Presenile Dementia and Normal Subjects

Cited by 10 publications

References 5 publications

Nucleus basalis involvement in conditioned neuronal responses in the rat frontal cortex

Nucleus basalis involvement in conditioned neuronal responses in the rat frontal cortex

Proof of Efficacy of Nootropics for the Indication "Dementia" (Phase III) - Recommendations*

Cognitive event-related potentials and reaction time in presenile subjects with initial mild cognitive decline or probable Alzheimer-type dementia

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