Effects of dog ownership and genotype on immune development and atopy in infancy☆

Gern, James E.; Reardon, Claudia L.; Hoffjan, Sabine; Nicolae, Dan L.; Li, Zhanhai; Roberg, K.A.; Neaville, W.; Carlson-Dakes, K.; Adler, Kiva J.; Hamilton, Rebekah; Anderson, Elizabeth; Gilbertson‐White, Stephanie; Tisler, C.J.; DaSilva, D.F.; Anklam, Kelly; Mikus, Lance D.; Rosenthal, Louis A.; Ober, Carole; Gangnon, Ronald E.; Lemanske, Robert F.

doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2003.11.017

Cited by 190 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…Although some studies have shown that exposure to endotoxin or surrogates of endotoxin is protective against the development of allergic disease in children (40,41), others have found that endotoxin increases risk of wheezing during early childhood (42)(43)(44). Celedon and colleagues (45) recently demonstrated that exposure to endotoxin before age 1 year was inversely associated with the development of atopy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Traffic-related Particles and Endotoxin during Infancy Is Associated with Wheezing at Age 3 Years

Ryan¹,

Bernstein²,

Lockey³

et al. 2009

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

106

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Rationale: Murine models demonstrate a synergistic production of reactive oxygen species on coexposure to diesel exhaust particles and endotoxin. Objectives: It was hypothesized that coexposure to traffic-related particles and endotoxin would have an additive effect on persistent wheezing during early childhood. Methods: Persistent wheezing at age 36 months was assessed in the Cincinnati Childhood Allergy and Air Pollution Study, a high-risk birth cohort. A time-weighted average exposure to traffic-related particles was determined by applying a land-use regression model to the homes, day cares, and other locations where children spent time from birth through age 36 months. Indoor levels of endotoxin were measured from dust samples collected before age 12 months. The relationship between dichotomized (,/>75th percentile) trafficrelated particle and endotoxin exposure and persistent wheezing, controlling for potential covariates, was examined. Measurements and Main Results: Persistent wheezing at age 36 months was significantly associated with exposure to increased levels of traffic-related particles before age 12 months (OR 5 1.75; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-2.87). Coexposure to endotoxin had a synergistic effect with traffic exposure on persistent wheeze (OR 5 5.85; 95% confidence interval, 1.89-18.13) after adjustment for significant covariates. Conclusions:The association between traffic-related particle exposure and persistent wheezing at age 36 months is modified by exposure to endotoxin. This finding supports prior toxicological studies demonstrating a synergistic production of reactive oxygen species after coexposure to diesel exhaust particles and endotoxin. The effect of early versus later exposure to traffic-related particles, however, remains to be studied because of the high correlation between exposure throughout the first 3 years of life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Traffic-related Particles and Endotoxin during Infancy Is Associated with Wheezing at Age 3 Years

Ryan¹,

Bernstein²,

Lockey³

et al. 2009

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

106

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“…These associations were only partially explained by concomitant exposure to house dust endotoxin. Similarly, Gern and colleagues (32) found that exposure to indoor dogs was protective against the development of atopic dermatitis in early life but only among TT homozygotes; no association was observed among carriers of the other two genotypes. Again, exposure to house dust endotoxin did not explain the interaction.…”

Section: A Replicated Gene-environment Interactionmentioning

confidence: 91%

CD14, Endotoxin, and Asthma Risk: Actions and Interactions

Martínez

2007

Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society

109

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A functional single nucleotide polymorphism in the 5 genomic region of CD14 (CD14/Ϫ159) is one of the most widely tested genetic variations in relation to asthma and associated traits. The results of these studies have shown a remarkable, statistically significant heterogeneity, with some studies indicating the T-allele as a risk factor, others the C-allele, and others finding no association. Recent studies in which exposure to house-dust endotoxin or to domestic sources of microbial exposure were assessed concomitantly with CD14/Ϫ159 have shown a consistent, replicable gene-environment interaction. Specifically, results suggest that the C-allele is a risk factor for allergic phenotypes at low levels of exposure, whereas the T-allele is a risk factor at high levels of exposure. This finding seems to be explained by a genetically-determined heterogeneity for the protective effect of microbial exposure on allergic phenotypes, with homozygotes for the C-allele showing a much stronger negative association between exposure and allergic outcomes than carries of the other two genotypes. These results suggest that the often encountered, limited replicability of genetic associations may, at least in part, be due to complex interactions between genes and environment in determining asthma-related outcomes.

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“…Time point of pet contact, cat / dog ownership and other circumstances may be puzzle pieces of a picture not yet completely visible. Some studies seem to direct to early dog contacts being protective regarding a development of atopy (Gern et al, 2004). Having in mind, that dog ownership in Germany is more common in families with high social status (high income and house owner), as was shown in a situation bulletin to dog ownership in Germany by the German University of Göttingen (Ohr & Zeddies, 2006), we have to query a protective effect of dog ownership on asthma development.…”

Section: Demographic Differences In Sensitizations To Inhalative Allementioning

confidence: 94%

Asthma and Sensitization Pattern in Children

Langen¹

2012

Allergic Diseases - Highlights in the Clinic, Mechanisms and Treatment

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Effects of dog ownership and genotype on immune development and atopy in infancy☆

Cited by 190 publications

References 35 publications

Exposure to Traffic-related Particles and Endotoxin during Infancy Is Associated with Wheezing at Age 3 Years

Exposure to Traffic-related Particles and Endotoxin during Infancy Is Associated with Wheezing at Age 3 Years

CD14, Endotoxin, and Asthma Risk: Actions and Interactions

Asthma and Sensitization Pattern in Children

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