Effects of dopamine agonists on Cebus apella monkeys with previous long-term exposure to fluphenazine

Behavioral effects of orally administered glycine in socially housed monkeys chronically treated with phencyclidine

“…It differs and is clearly distinguishable from drug-induced stereotypies, such as those induced by amphetamine (Lifshitz et al 1997;Sams-Dodd and Newman 1997). Our previous work with other psychotropic medications (Lifshitz et al 1997;) indicated the utility of dividing locomotion into these two subcomponents, which may represent different motivational states. -Scanning: This is the non-goal directed or fixed staring up and away from the other animals and fixed features of the environment.…”

“…Kibos has been used in both field and laboratory studies of naturalistic primate behaviors and to evaluate their response to psychopharmacologic interventions (O'Keeffe et al 1983;Lifshitz et al 1991Lifshitz et al , 1997Linn et al 1995Linn et al , 1999. Behavioral observations were entered directly onto microcomputers by an observer looking through a one-way mirror in the wall separating each colony room from a central observation room.…”

“…Pacing is locomotion in repetitive circuits, frequently accompanied by stereotyped turns or object-touches; it has the non-goaldirected appearance of human pacing in a restricted environment and is sometimes referred to as "captivity, constraint, or cage stereotypy" (e.g., Goosen 1981;Ridley and Baker 1983;Mason 1993;Sams-Dodd and Newman 1997). It differs and is clearly distinguishable from drug-induced stereotypies, such as those induced by amphetamine (Lifshitz et al 1997;Sams-Dodd and Newman 1997). Our previous work with other psychotropic medications (Lifshitz et al 1997;) indicated the utility of dividing locomotion into these two subcomponents, which may represent different motivational states.…”

“…Comparison with behavioral data from earlier studies To determine if altered locomotor scores were a byproduct of PCP's general sedative and/or ataxic effects, we compared them with data collected during earlier studies with the typical antipsychotic fluphenazine decanoate (Lifshitz et al 1991;) and with amphetamine and apomorphine (Lifshitz et al 1997). These studies used the same observation and recording techniques as in this study.…”

“…Approximately 2 years after fluphenazine treatment ended, animals received an additional 18 weeks of fluphenazine treatment at 0.33 mg/kg . Between the two periods of fluphenazine treatment, all animals received acute treatment with 0.75 mg/kg d-amphetamine and apomorphine (Lifshitz et al 1997).…”