Effects of dose de‐escalation following testosterone treatment and evoked resistance exercise on body composition, metabolic profile, and neuromuscular parameters in persons with spinal cord injury

Gorgey, Ashraf S.; Khalil, Refka E.; Gill, Ranjodh; Khan, Rehan; Adler, Robert A.

doi:10.14814/phy2.15089

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 39 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Finally, six studies were included in the systematic review, involving 61 participants. Among these, two were RCTs (Skiba; Andrade; Rodacki, 2022; Gorgey et al, 2021), and four were NRIs (Frotzler et al, 2009;Thijssen et al, 2006;Gurney et al, 1998;Robergs et al, 1993).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CUADERNOS Andrade; Rodacki, 2022; Gorgey et al, 2021;Frotzler et al, 2009;Thijssen et al, 2006;Gurney et al, 1998;Robergs et al, 1993). and in the number of sets and repetitions (16.67%) for strength exercises.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even though to a lesser effect, among the results found, mild losses were observed in the CSA in a study conducted by Gorgey et al (2021). Additionally, it was found that after a reduction in training dosage for 16 weeks combined with low testosterone dose, individuals with SCI exhibited a significant decrease in arm LM and total body LM.…”

Section: Body Compositionmentioning

confidence: 92%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Impact of detraining on the health of individuals with spinal cord injury: a systematic review

Almada,

Santos,

Venturini

et al. 2024

Cuad. Ed. Desar.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating condition that causes motor, physiological, and sensory impairments, potentially leading to permanent disability, increased morbidity, and mortality, ultimately impacting an individual's quality of life (QoL). Physical exercise emerges as an effective alternative to mitigate these consequences and uphold the autonomy and QoL for this population. Detraining (DT), defined as the partial or total loss of adaptations induced by physical training in response to its complete interruption or insufficient stimulus, represents a significant concern. The objective of this systematic review was to conduct a comprehensive literature review regarding the current state of knowledge on the potential impacts of DT on the health of individuals with SCI. Method: The search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane databases using relevant English terms (("Detraining") AND ("Spinal Cord Injury")) and their synonyms. Due to the limited number of studies addressing this topic, no specific time frame was set for study eligibility. Results: The literature search was performed in November 2023, yielding 42 results, from which 15 remained after removing duplicates. Two articles were excluded following title analysis. Thirteen abstracts were reviewed, and 7 were excluded, leaving 6 articles for full analysis. Due to the nature of the studies, a meta-analysis was not conducted. Conclusion: DT resulted in alterations in body composition (BC), including increased body fat and reduced muscle mass, especially following the interruption of testosterone-associated training. Additionally, the cessation of training impacted the metabolic profile, leading to changes in glucose, lipids, and insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, hemodynamic variables, such as blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR), underwent changes, elevating the risk of cardiovascular complications. Regarding cardiorespiratory components, there was a decline in peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) following the DT period. Halting exercise can lead to detrimental health consequences, underscoring the imperative of maintaining consistent physical training for these individuals.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Body Compositionmentioning

confidence: 92%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Impact of detraining on the health of individuals with spinal cord injury: a systematic review

Almada,

Santos,

Venturini

et al. 2024

Cuad. Ed. Desar.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The combination of a testosterone patch 2-6 mg/day and twice weekly knee extensions with FES performed four times for 10 repetitions for 16 weeks in men with chronic spinal cord injuries also significantly increased knee isometric torque by 48.4% with no significant changes seen in the testosterone therapy without exercise group [ 21 ]. These strength changes were maintained in a group receiving a low-dose testosterone patch of 2 mg/day along with once-weekly knee extensions with FES for an additional 16 weeks [ 26 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Testosterone therapy in combination with an exercise program appears to increase muscle size and strength in men with both complete and incomplete SCI [ 21 , 22 , 24 , 26 , 27 ]. Interestingly, testosterone patches with FES exercise increased both trained and untrained muscle size in men with motor complete (ASIA A or B) SCI [ 21 , 22 , 31 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Testosterone Therapy in Men With Spinal Cord Injury or Traumatic Brain Injury

McLoughlin¹,

Lu²,

Warneryd³

et al. 2023

Cureus

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Spinal cord injuries (SCI) and traumatic brain injuries (TBI) increase the risk of testosterone deficiency and result in adverse changes in body composition and poor functional outcomes. The current systematic review aims to provide insights into the use of testosterone therapy for treating men with SCI and TBI. The PubMed and EMBASE databases were systematically reviewed using appropriate terms, and resulting manuscripts were screened using defined Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria. The patient population included male patients with SCI or TBI. Further inclusion criteria were: a) human participants 18 years of age or older; b) manuscript published in English; c) study included an intervention with exogenous testosterone; and d) articles published in peer-reviewed journals with full text available. Two reviewers independently extracted data regarding injury type, intervention, and outcomes. Following screening for inclusion/exclusion criteria, a total of 12 primary research studies conducted over the last 30 years were included. Men with SCI were investigated in 11 articles. The combination of testosterone patches and resistance training with functional electrical stimulation (FES) for 16 weeks in men with SCI and an average baseline testosterone level above the cutoff for testosterone deficiency increased muscle mass, strength, bone quality, and basal metabolic rate while testosterone patches without exercise for 16 weeks produced no significant changes in these parameters. Testosterone patches for 12 months in men with SCI and testosterone deficiency also increased lean tissue mass (LTM) and resting energy expenditure (REE). In one study, men with TBI and testosterone deficiency receiving testosterone gel for eight weeks showed a non-statistically significant greater absolute change in functional independence measure (FIM) and grip strength compared to a placebo group. Testosterone therapy with exercise may help improve muscle mass, bone health, strength, energy expenditure, and cardiac health in men with SCI without major side effects. It is difficult to draw conclusions regarding the effects of testosterone therapy in men with TBI based on the limited available evidence. Further investigation is warranted to explore the relationship between testosterone therapy and recovery after SCI and TBI.

show abstract

Resting energy expenditure during spinal cord injury rehabilitation and utility of fat-free mass-based energy prediction equations: a pilot study

Nevin,

Atresh,

Vivanti

et al. 2024

Spinal Cord Ser Cases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Study design Longitudinal observational study. Measurements were undertaken between weeks 4–6 post-spinal cord injury (SCI), repeated at week 8 and every 4 weeks thereafter until week 20 or rehabilitation discharge, whichever occurred first. Objectives Observe variation in measured resting energy expenditure (REE) and body composition in males undergoing SCI rehabilitation, compare REE with SCI-specific prediction equations incorporating fat-free mass (FFM), and explore the prevalence of clinical factors that may influence individual REE. Setting Spinal Injuries Unit, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Methods Indirect calorimetry was used to measure REE and bioimpedance spectroscopy to assess body composition. Four SCI-specific FFM-based REE and basal metabolic rate (BMR) prediction equations were compared to measured REE. A clinically significant change in REE was defined as +/− 10% difference from the week 4–6 measurement. Clinical factors that may affect REE variations were collected including infection, pressure injuries, autonomic dysreflexia, spasticity, and medications. Results Fifteen people participated (mean age 35 ± 13 years, 67% paraplegic). There was no statistically significant change in mean REE, weight, or body composition, and the Chun and Nightingale BMR prediction equations performed best (rc > 0.8 at all time points). One-third of participants had >10% change in REE on 11 occasions, with clinical factors not consistently associated with the observed changes. Conclusion During SCI rehabilitation, mean REE, weight, and body composition remain unchanged, and FFM-based BMR prediction equations may be an acceptable alternative to indirect calorimetry. Future research designs should avoid single indirect calorimetry measures as snapshot data may not represent typical REE in this population.

show abstract

Effects of dose de‐escalation following testosterone treatment and evoked resistance exercise on body composition, metabolic profile, and neuromuscular parameters in persons with spinal cord injury

Cited by 9 publications

References 39 publications

Impact of detraining on the health of individuals with spinal cord injury: a systematic review

Impact of detraining on the health of individuals with spinal cord injury: a systematic review

A Systematic Review of Testosterone Therapy in Men With Spinal Cord Injury or Traumatic Brain Injury

Resting energy expenditure during spinal cord injury rehabilitation and utility of fat-free mass-based energy prediction equations: a pilot study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About