Effects of doxycycline on the endosymbiont Wolbachia in Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1856)—Naturally infected dogs

Rossi, Maria Inês Doria; Paiva, Jonimar Pereira; Bendas, Alexandre José Rodrigues; Mendes-de-Almeida, Flavya; Knackfuss, Fabiana Batalha; Miranda, Marcia Gonçalves Nobre de; Guerrero, Jorge; Fernandes, Octávio; Labarthe, Norma

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.07.019

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Humans and animals with filariasis develop immune responses to Wolbachia antigens, and the pro-inflammatory antigens from Wolbachia participates in the pathogenesis of filariasis and affects the clinical outcome of Dirofilaria infections (Bandi et al 2001, Bazzocchi et al 2003, Kramer et al 2008, Dingman et al 2010. Elimination of Wolbachia with tetracyclines is clinically beneficial in the treatment of filariasis and can possibly reduce transmission (Rossi et al 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Evaluation of a Point-of-Care Immunochromatographic Test SNAP 4Dx with Molecular Detection Tests for Vector-Borne Canine Pathogens in Hong Kong

Wong

Teng

Poon

et al. 2011

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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There are no comprehensive studies on the performance of commonly used point-of-care diagnostic enzyme immunoassay for common arthropod-borne canine pathogens. A comparative evaluation of an immunochromatographic test for these infections with a comprehensive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test panel was performed on 100 pet dogs and 100 stray dogs without obvious clinical symptoms. Of the 162 positive test results from both immunochromatographic test and PCR, there was 85.2% concordance. The 24 discordant results between serology and PCR occurred in tests involving Ehrlichia canis (14) and Anaplasma platys (10), which may be related to the time of infection. No positive cases of borreliosis or rickettsiosis were detected. One important limitation of the immunochromatographic test was its lack of testing for babesiosis and hepatozoonosis. The former is the most prevalent arthropod-borne canine infection in our cohort (41%). Coinfections were found in 19% stray dogs and 6% of pet dogs with both tests (p < 0.01). Seventeen and 8 samples from stray and pet dogs, respectively, were initially positive in the PCR test for Ehrlichia. However, on sequencing of the PCR amplicon, 10 from stray and 2 from pet dogs were found to be Wolbachia sequences instead, with 100% nucleotide identity to the 16S rRNA sequence of Wolbachia endosymbiont of Dirofilaria immitis. The presence of Wolbachia DNAemia (6%) correlated well with the molecular test and immunochromatographic antigen test for D. immitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Evaluation of a Point-of-Care Immunochromatographic Test SNAP 4Dx with Molecular Detection Tests for Vector-Borne Canine Pathogens in Hong Kong

Wong

Teng

Poon

et al. 2011

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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“…Doxycycline in combination with ivermectin or ivermectin plus melarsomine lowered the incidence of inflammatory pulmonary lesions and thrombi compared with controls treated with either doxycycline or melarsomine alone (213,261). Other studies have shown that interfering with dirofilarial transmission using antibiotics is feasible (261,363). Recently, research has focused on the potential mechanisms involved in the decreased production of microfilariae following Wolbachia depletion in filarial tissues after treatment with antibiotics (222).…”

Section: Wolbachia As a Therapeutic Targetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human and Animal Dirofilariasis: the Emergence of a Zoonotic Mosaic

et al. 2012

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SUMMARY Dirofilariasis represents a zoonotic mosaic, which includes two main filarial species ( Dirofilaria immitis and D. repens ) that have adapted to canine, feline, and human hosts with distinct biological and clinical implications. At the same time, both D. immitis and D. repens are themselves hosts to symbiotic bacteria of the genus Wolbachia , the study of which has resulted in a profound shift in the understanding of filarial biology, the mechanisms of the pathologies that they produce in their hosts, and issues related to dirofilariasis treatment. Moreover, because dirofilariasis is a vector-borne transmitted disease, their distribution and infection rates have undergone significant modifications influenced by global climate change. Despite advances in our knowledge of D. immitis and D. repens and the pathologies that they inflict on different hosts, there are still many unknown aspects of dirofilariasis. This review is focused on human and animal dirofilariasis, including the basic morphology, biology, protein composition, and metabolism of Dirofilaria species; the climate and human behavioral factors that influence distribution dynamics; the disease pathology; the host-parasite relationship; the mechanisms involved in parasite survival; the immune response and pathogenesis; and the clinical management of human and animal infections.

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“…A frequently used strategy to investigate the effect of microbial symbionts on the host consists of their removal using antibiotic treatments to observe the effect on the host vitality and fitness [15,16]. A main limit of such a strategy is the lack of a suitable control, since the effects observed could be caused by direct effects of the antibiotic on the insect and/or on other components of the microbiota.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delayed larval development in Anopheles mosquitoes deprived of Asaiabacterial symbionts

et al. 2012

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BackgroundIn recent years, acetic acid bacteria have been shown to be frequently associated with insects, but knowledge on their biological role in the arthropod host is limited. The discovery that acetic acid bacteria of the genus Asaia are a main component of the microbiota of Anopheles stephensi makes this mosquito a useful model for studies on this novel group of symbionts. Here we present experimental results that provide a first evidence for a beneficial role of Asaia in An. stephensi.ResultsLarvae of An. stephensi at different stages were treated with rifampicin, an antibiotic effective on wild-type Asaia spp., and the effects on the larval development were evaluated. Larvae treated with the antibiotic showed a delay in the development and an asynchrony in the appearance of later instars. In larvae treated with rifampicin, but supplemented with a rifampicin-resistant mutant strain of Asaia, larval development was comparable to that of control larvae not exposed to the antibiotic. Analysis of the bacterial diversity of the three mosquito populations confirmed that the level of Asaia was strongly decreased in the antibiotic-treated larvae, since the symbiont was not detectable by PCR-DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis), while Asaia was consistently found in insects supplemented with rifampicin plus the antibiotic-resistant mutant in the diet, and in those not exposed to the antibiotic.ConclusionsThe results here reported indicate that Asaia symbionts play a beneficial role in the normal development of An. stephensi larvae.

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Effects of doxycycline on the endosymbiont Wolbachia in Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1856)—Naturally infected dogs

Cited by 21 publications

References 23 publications

Comparative Evaluation of a Point-of-Care Immunochromatographic Test SNAP 4Dx with Molecular Detection Tests for Vector-Borne Canine Pathogens in Hong Kong

Comparative Evaluation of a Point-of-Care Immunochromatographic Test SNAP 4Dx with Molecular Detection Tests for Vector-Borne Canine Pathogens in Hong Kong

Human and Animal Dirofilariasis: the Emergence of a Zoonotic Mosaic

Delayed larval development in Anopheles mosquitoes deprived of Asaiabacterial symbionts

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