Effects of drought at different periods of wheat development on the leaf photosynthetic apparatus and productivity

Morgun, V.V.; Стасик, О.О.; Kiriziy, D.A.; Sokolovska-Sergiienko, O. G.; Makharynska, N.M.

doi:10.15421/021961

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Decline in grain productivity was associated with significant decrease in the harvest index of drought-treated plants: in the Podolyanka varietyby 18 %, in the Natalka variety -by 25 %. In this regard, it should be noted that under drought treatment during the early reproductive period (booting stages), when it is still far from the start of natural senescence processes, negative effect of stress may be compensated after normal watering resumption through physiological, biochemical, and morphogenetic repair mechanisms (for example increased productive tillering), which was previously shown by us [40] and other authors [41].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Influence of drought on the photosynthetic apparatus activity, senescence rate, and productivity in wheat plants

Стасик¹,

St.²

2020

Fiziol.rast. genet.

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Effects of soil drought at flowering stage on the functional state of photosynthetic apparatus and chloroplast enzymatic antioxidant defense systems in flag leaf during reproductive period, and the productivity of winter wheat plants of high-protein Natalka variety and drought-tolerant Podolyanka variety were studied in pot experiment. Until flowering and for the control plants during the entire vegetation, the soil moisture content was maintained at a level of 60—70 % of field capacity (FC). Drought treatment (soil moisture 30 % FC) was applied for 7 days covering flowering—early kernel watery ripe period (BBCH 61—71). After that, watering of plants was resumed to a control level which was maintained until the end of the growing season. The estimation of the chlorophyll and Rubisco content, the chloroplast antioxidant enzymes activity, and the net CO2 assimilation and transpiration rates was carried out on flag leaves. The measurements were taken on the third day of watering cessation (the first day the soil moisture reached 30 % FC, BBCH 61), at the end of the drought period (seventh day at 30 % FC, BBCH 71), and after watering resumed at the medium milk (BBCH 75) and late milk (BBCH 77) stages. The components of plant grain productivity were determined by weighing air-dry material at grain full ripeness. It was revealed, that drought stress during flowering inhibited CO2 assimilation and accelerated induction of senescence processes in wheat plants associated with degradation of photosynthetic apparatus and manifested in quicker ontogenetic drop in chlorophyll and Rubisco contents and loss of leaf photosynthetic activity. This exacerbated the drought impact on the plant organism so that after optimal watering return, the physiological and biochemical parameters were not restored to the values of control plants that were all time under optimal moisture supply. Stress-induced premature senescence reduced the supply of plants with assimilates and ultimately led to a decrease in their grain productivity. Impact of drought on flag leaf photosynthetic activity and especially on senescence induction were much more pronounced in the high-protein wheat variety Natalka with a genetically programmed earlier start of the nitrogen-containing compounds remobilization from leaves than in Podolyanka variety. The drought-tolerant variety Podolyanka keep ability to maintain much higher CO2 assimilation activity during drought period and to preserve photosynthetic apparatus from early induction of senescence due to likely more efficient chloroplast antioxidant defense systems, thereby gaining a better assimilates supply for yield formation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Influence of drought on the photosynthetic apparatus activity, senescence rate, and productivity in wheat plants

Стасик¹,

St.²

2020

Fiziol.rast. genet.

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“…Plants were also subjected to two drought intensities during the anthesis stage, one of the terminal phases of wheat development. According to the study by Morgun et al [ 46 , 64 ], differences in investigated traits between varieties were more contrasting when drought was applied at the anthesis, compared to the stem elongation stage. The flowering stage or anthesis begins after heading, and at this stage, the anthers release their pollen, after which grains are formed [ 65 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morpho-Physiological and Hormonal Response of Winter Wheat Varieties to Drought Stress at Stem Elongation and Anthesis Stages

Duvnjak

Lončarić

Brkljačić

et al. 2023

Plants

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Drought stress can significantly reduce wheat growth and development as well as grain yield. This study investigated morpho-physiological and hormonal (abscisic (ABA) and salicylic (SA) acids) responses of six winter wheat varieties during stem elongation and anthesis stage as well grain yield-related traits were measured after harvest. To examine drought response, plants were exposed to moderate non-lethal drought stress by withholding watering for 45 and 65% of the volumetric soil moisture content (VSMC) for 14 days at separate experiments for each of those two growth stages. During the stem elongation phase, ABA was increased, confirming the stress status of plants, and SA showed a tendency to increase, suggesting their role as stress hormones in the regulation of stress response, such as the increase in the number of leaves and tillers in drought stress conditions, and further keeping turgor pressure and osmotic adjustment in leaves. At the anthesis stage, heavier drought stress resulted in ABA accumulation in flag leaves that generated an integrated response of maturation, where ABA was not positively correlated with any of investigated traits. After harvest, the variety Bubnjar, followed by Pepeljuga and Anđelka, did not significantly decrease the number of grains per ear and 1000 kernel weight (except Anđelka) in drought treatments, thus, declaring them more tolerant to drought. On the other hand, Rujana, Fifi, and particularly Silvija experienced the highest reduction in grain yield-related traits, considering them drought-sensitive varieties.

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“…Chlorophyll content in the leaves can refl ect plant drought tolerance (Allahverdiyev et al, 2015). Many studies demonstrate that under drought the content and ratio of photosynthetic pigment forms in drought-resistant genotypes remains higher as compared to nonresistant ones (Morgun VV et al, 2019;Ahmed HGM-D et al, 2020;le Roux ML et al, 2020). There is still few information on the difference in chlorophyll content between the original type and transgenic wheat plants under drought.…”

Section: Disscusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water deficiency tolerance of genetically modified common wheat cv. Zymoyarka, containing a heterologous ornithine-δ-aminotransferase gene

et al. 2021

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Aim. To determine water deficiency tolerance of genetically modified common wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L., cv Zymoyarka), containing the heterologous ornithine-δ-aminotransferase gene, based on the analysis of grain productivity and physiological and biochemical characteristics in transgenic and non-transgenic genotypes. Methods. Biochemical spectrophotometric assays: the enzyme ornithine-δ-aminotransferase activity, the free L-proline content, and the photosynthetic pigments content; biotechnological: Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in planta; physiological: morphometric traits and elements of grain productivity; mathematical statistics. Results. It was established that the presence of an additional copy of the ornithine-δ-aminotransferase gene in transgenic plants leads to higher activity of the ornithine-δ- aminotransferase enzyme: by 1.6 times higher on average for all lines as compared to the non-transgenic plants at 70 % of fi eld capacity and by 1.5 – at 30 % fi eld capacity. However, transgenic plants did not differ significantly from the original variety in the free L-proline content either under optimal water conditions or under soil drought. The increase in the total chlorophyll (a + b) content in flag leaves of transgenic plants was established under conditions of both optimal water supply and drought, as compared with the original genotype (increase by 5–7 % and 8–11 %, respectively). The enhanced expression of the orni- thine-δ-aminotransferase gene in the transgenic plants stimulated root growth both under optimal and stressful conditions: the root length of the transformed plants exceeded that of the original variety by 3.4–3.9 cm in the variant with optimal water supply, and by 4.2–4.6 cm – under drought. They were also characterized by a more developed root system. Dry root weight of the transgenic plants exceeded the original variety both in the control (by 23–27 %), and under drought (by 37– 44 %). Under drought, the root dry weight decreased by 29 % in the plants of the original variety, compared 70 % fi eld capacity, and by 11–15 % in the lines. Under 30 % field capacity, the transgenic lines also exceeded non-transformed plants in the number of grains from the whole plant (on average for 3 lines by 26 %) and in the grain weight (by 22 %). Transgenic plants are characterized by the formation of a higher productive shoots number: from 3.2 to 3.4 compared with 2.5 in non-transgenic plants at 70 % fi eld capacity and 2.7–3.1 vs 2.2 at 30 % field capacity it was found. Conclusions. Thus, the analysis of genetically modified common wheat plants cv. Zymoyarka, containing the heterologous alfalfa ornithine-δ- aminotransferase gene, by yield structure elements, morphometric parameters and photosynthetic pigment content showed their better tolerance to soil drought as compared to non-transgenic plants. We explain the improvement of grain productivity of the whole plant in transgenic wheat lines with an additional copy of ornithine-δ-aminotransferase gene by the fact that they have a better developed root system (dry root weight of the transgenic plants exceeded the original variety both in the control by 23–27 %, and under drought by 37–44 %) and a higher (on average for 3 lines – 3.3 compared to 2.5 in non- transgenic plants at 70 % fi eld capacity and 2.9 vs 2.2 at 30 % fi eld capacity) number of productive shoots than in the origi- nal variety both under optimal and insuffi cient water supply.

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Effects of drought at different periods of wheat development on the leaf photosynthetic apparatus and productivity

Cited by 9 publications

References 25 publications

Influence of drought on the photosynthetic apparatus activity, senescence rate, and productivity in wheat plants

Influence of drought on the photosynthetic apparatus activity, senescence rate, and productivity in wheat plants

Morpho-Physiological and Hormonal Response of Winter Wheat Varieties to Drought Stress at Stem Elongation and Anthesis Stages

Water deficiency tolerance of genetically modified common wheat cv. Zymoyarka, containing a heterologous ornithine-δ-aminotransferase gene

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