Effects of Drought on Gene Expression in Maize Reproductive and Leaf Meristem Tissue Revealed by RNA-Seq

Kakumanu, Akshay; Ambavaram, Madana M.R.; Klumas, Curtis; Krishnan, Arjun; Batlang, Utlwang; Myers, Elijah; Grene, Ruth; Pereira, Andy

doi:10.1104/pp.112.200444

Cited by 300 publications

(258 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…Under stress conditions, supply of hexoses is reduced. Under limited supply of hexoses, HXK has a limited role metabolically and possibly acts as a signalling molecule (Kakumanu et al 2012). Phosphoglucomutase (PGM) converts glucose-1-phosphate, formed by starch phosphorylase, into glucose-6-phosphate and its activity was maximum in the cotyledons and minimum in roots.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of exogenous lead on growth and carbon metabolism of pea (Pisum sativum L) seedlings

Devi

Munjral

Gupta

et al. 2012

Physiol Mol Biol Plants

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The present study investigated the effect of exogenous lead (Pb) on seedling growth, carbohydrate composition and vital enzymes of sucrose metabolism, starch degradation, pentose phosphate pathway and glycolysis in pea seedlings. With 0.5 mM Pb, reduction of about 50 % in shoot and 80 % in root lengths was observed. At 5 and 7 days of seedling growth, cotyledons of Pb-stressed seedlings had about 25-50 % lower α-and β-amylase activities resulting in their higher starch content. Low starch content in the cotyledons of control seedlings at days 1, 3, 5 and 7 may be due to higher investment of carbon for seedling growth. Seedlings exposed to Pb showed significant inhibition of about 30-50 % in acid invertase activity in the growing tissues i.e. roots and shoots. Sucrose content increased by 10-20 % in shoots with much larger increase in cotyledons at 5-7 days of growth in Pb-stressed seedlings. In stressed seedlings, sucrose synthase (SS) and sucrose-6-phosphate synthase (SPS) enzymes were down regulated in the roots but SS activity was up regulated in the cotyledons leading to increased sucrose content. Exogenous Pb increased the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH) in the cotyledons. Down regulation of G6PDH and up regulation of hexokinase (HXK) in the roots and shoots of stressed seedlings indicated that hexoses could be utilised preferably for glycolysis rather than pentose phosphate pathway in these tissues. Due to limited supply of sugars to growing tissues in the stressed seedlings, increased HXK may play a role in sugar sensing. Phosphoglucomutase (PGM) activity was maximum in the cotyledons and minimum in roots showing its importance in the conversion of glucose-1-phosphate into glucose-6-phosphate. Reduced seedling growth observed in the presence of exogenous Pb was mainly due to the decrease in the activities of amylases and invertases in the cotyledons and growing tissues respectively. Further biosynthetic capacity of the roots and shoots was down regulated in the pea seedlings due to reduced efficiency of pentose phosphate pathway under Pb toxicity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of exogenous lead on growth and carbon metabolism of pea (Pisum sativum L) seedlings

Devi

Munjral

Gupta

et al. 2012

Physiol Mol Biol Plants

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“…FPKM values and histograms were obtained from qteller.com for selected maize and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) genes (Wang et al, 2009;Li et al, 2010;Davidson et al, 2011Davidson et al, , 2012Dugas et al, 2011;Schnable and Freeling, 2011;Waters et al, 2011;Bolduc et al, 2012;Chang et al, 2012;Kakumanu et al, 2012;Mizuno et al, 2012). Recreation of these histograms could be obtained at http://www.qteller.com.…”

Section: Phylogenetic Analyses and In Silico Analysis Of Expression Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

nana plant2 Encodes a Maize Ortholog of the Arabidopsis Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis Gene DWARF1, Identifying Developmental Interactions between Brassinosteroids and Gibberellins

et al. 2016

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A small number of phytohormones dictate the pattern of plant form affecting fitness via reproductive architecture and the plant's ability to forage for light, water, and nutrients. Individual phytohormone contributions to plant architecture have been studied extensively, often following a single component of plant architecture, such as plant height or branching. Both brassinosteroid (BR) and gibberellin (GA) affect plant height, branching, and sexual organ development in maize (Zea mays). We identified the molecular basis of the nana plant2 (na2) phenotype as a loss-of-function mutation in one of the two maize paralogs of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) BR biosynthetic gene DWARF1 (DWF1). These mutants accumulate the DWF1 substrate 24-methylenecholesterol and exhibit decreased levels of downstream BR metabolites. We utilized this mutant and known GA biosynthetic mutants to investigate the genetic interactions between BR and GA. Double mutants exhibited additivity for some phenotypes and epistasis for others with no unifying pattern, indicating that BR and GA interact to affect development but in a context-dependent manner. Similar results were observed in double mutant analyses using additional BR and GA biosynthetic mutant loci. Thus, the BR and GA interactions were neither locus nor allele specific. Exogenous application of GA 3 to na2 and d5, a GA biosynthetic mutant, also resulted in a diverse pattern of growth responses, including BR-dependent GA responses. These findings demonstrate that BR and GA do not interact via a single inclusive pathway in maize but rather suggest that differential signal transduction and downstream responses are affected dependent upon the developmental context.

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“…So far, transcriptomic analyses have been carried out in maize with pericycle cells of the primary root (Dembinsky et al, 2007), endosperm (Prioul et al, 2008), seedling (Fu et al, 2010), leaf bundle sheath , kernel and leaf meristem (Kakumanu et al, 2012), and shoot apical meristem (Takacs et al, 2012). However, to our knowledge, the genome-wide transcriptional profile of embryo and endosperm by RNA-seq technology in maize has not yet been performed.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Differential Transcription Network between Embryo and Endosperm in the Early Developing Maize Seed

Chen

Shu

et al. 2013

Plant Physiology

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Transcriptome analysis of early-developing maize (Zea mays) seed was conducted using Illumina sequencing. We mapped 11,074,508 and 11,495,788 paired-end reads from endosperm and embryo, respectively, at 9 d after pollination to define gene structure and alternative splicing events as well as transcriptional regulators of gene expression to quantify transcript abundance in both embryo and endosperm. We identified a large number of novel transcribed regions that did not fall within maize annotated regions, and many of the novel transcribed regions were tissue-specifically expressed. We found that 50.7% (8,556 of 16,878) of multiexonic genes were alternatively spliced, and some transcript isoforms were specifically expressed either in endosperm or in embryo. In addition, a total of 46 trans-splicing events, with nine intrachromosomal events and 37 interchromosomal events, were found in our data set. Many metabolic activities were specifically assigned to endosperm and embryo, such as starch biosynthesis in endosperm and lipid biosynthesis in embryo. Finally, a number of transcription factors and imprinting genes were found to be specifically expressed in embryo or endosperm. This data set will aid in understanding how embryo/endosperm development in maize is differentially regulated.Maize (Zea mays) seeds are one of the most important crop materials that provide resources for food, feed, biofuel, and raw material for processing. Maize seed development initiates from double fertilization, in which two of the pollen sperms fuse with an egg cell and a central cell to produce embryo and endosperm, respectively (Randolph, 1936;Chaudhury et al., 2001). The main function of endosperm is to provide nutrient for the developing embryo and germinating embryo.After fertilization, the zygote undergoes an asymmetric division into a small apical cell and a large basal cell, giving rise to the embryo proper and the suspensor, respectively. The radial symmetry of the proembryo is shifted to a bilateral symmetry at the transition stage, which is characterized by protoderm formation. The shoot apical meristem and the root apical meristem can be distinguished at the onset of the coleoptile stage, and then the position of the future coleoptile is marked by a small protuberance. The mature embryo is composed of the embryo axis, which is formed by the plumule with five or six short internodes, and leaf primordia and primary root surrounded by the coleoptile and the coleorhiza, respectively, and the scutellum (Randolph, 1936;Abbe and Stein, 1954;Diboll, 1968;Lammeren, 1986;Vernoud et al., 2005).Maize endosperm follows the nucleus-type endosperm development, where the fertilized central cell undergoes several rounds of synchronous division in the absence of cell wall formation and cytokinesis to produce a syncytium (Lopes and Larkins, 1993;Olsen, 2004). Cellularization allows the formation of the internuclear radial microtubule systems and open-ended alveolation from the periphery of the endosperm toward the central vacuole (Olsen et al., ...

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Effects of Drought on Gene Expression in Maize Reproductive and Leaf Meristem Tissue Revealed by RNA-Seq

Cited by 300 publications

References 108 publications

Effect of exogenous lead on growth and carbon metabolism of pea (Pisum sativum L) seedlings

Effect of exogenous lead on growth and carbon metabolism of pea (Pisum sativum L) seedlings

nana plant2 Encodes a Maize Ortholog of the Arabidopsis Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis Gene DWARF1, Identifying Developmental Interactions between Brassinosteroids and Gibberellins

The Differential Transcription Network between Embryo and Endosperm in the Early Developing Maize Seed

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