Effects of dual-task resistance exercise on cognition, mood, depression, functional fitness, and activities of daily living in older adults with cognitive impairment: a single-blinded, randomized controlled trial

Baek, Ji-Eun; Hyeon, Sang-Jun; Kim, May; Cho, Hwi-young; Hahm, Suk-Chan

doi:10.1186/s12877-024-04942-1

Cited by 4 publications

References 68 publications

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Current Trends of Exercise Programs for Improving Cognitive Function in Older Adults

Lee,

Jo,

Jin

et al. 2024

Exerc Sci

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PURPOSE: Limited studies have analyzed exercise protocols for cognitive improvement in older adults. Therefore, we closely examined the composition, content, and operation methods of these exercise programs to identify current trends.METHODS: We searched the Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases for studies published between 2019 and 2024. The search terms used included “older adults”, “cognitive function”, “mild cognitive impairment”, “dementia”, “exercise”, “physical activity”, and other related terms, in both Korean and English.RESULTS: Aerobic exercises primarily comprised step-based exercises (walking and stepping) and dance routines, typically lasting 15-60 minutes per session, 1-3 times per week for 6-24 weeks, regardless of the individual’s cognitive level. Assistant instructors often participated, and in cases of severe cognitive impairment, patients’ caregivers also participated. Resistance exercises were most often performed using body weight and elastic bands, along with other tools and equipment, such as balls, water bottles, or specialized equipment. The exercises commonly involved 8-12 repetitions, 2-3 sets, with 1-minute rest between sets. Several programs included functional exercises to improve daily living performance. Other activities that were incorporated into the exercise programs included exergames and balance, mind-body, peripheral, and eye exercises.CONCLUSIONS: Recent cognitive exercise programs for older adults typically last three months and use a variety of tools or digital technologies within the scope of older adult exercise guidelines. Exercises for people with severe cognitive impairment tend to be more individualized, gradual, and flexible in their approach.

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Current Trends of Exercise Programs for Improving Cognitive Function in Older Adults

Lee,

Jo,

Jin

et al. 2024

Exerc Sci

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Long-term combined “new sports” and resistance exercise improves the physical and mental health of elderly people with stroke-associated hemiplegia: a randomized controlled trial

Lee,

Akimoto,

Chang

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: Hemiplegia, a common consequence of stroke, significantly impacts daily life by causing muscle weakness, impaired balance, and reduced mobility, often leading to mental health issues such as depression. The combined new sports and resistance exercise program aims to enhance both physical fitness and social interaction. We hypothesized that the combined exercise program would improve the participants’ physical and mental health better than resistance exercise alone. Methods: In this study, we examined the effects of 24 weeks of a combined new sports and resistance exercise program on the physical and mental health of elderly people with hemiplegia. Thirty elderly people aged 65–74 years with hemiplegia were randomly divided into combined new sports and resistance exercise (NS+RE), resistance exercise (RE), and control groups. Indicators of physical health (range of motion [ROM], Berg Balance Scale [BBS], Functional Gait Assessment, and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living) and mental health (Grooved Pegboard Test [GPT], Geriatric Depression Scale [GDS], Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale [RSES], and Stroke-Specific Quality of Life [SS-QOL]) were measured before and at 8, 16, and 24 weeks of exercise training. Results: Compared with the RE and control groups, the NS+RE group showed significant improvements in ROM, RSES, and SS-QOL starting at 8 weeks, GPT starting at 16 weeks, and BBS and GDS at 24 weeks. Conclusions: We conclude that combined new sports and resistance exercise was more effective than resistance exercise alone in terms of improving the physical and mental health of elderly people with hemiplegia. Our findings highlight the importance of integrating new sports into rehabilitation strategies and sustaining long-term exercise for lasting benefits. Trial registration: We retrospectively registered the study with the Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS) of the Republic of Korea, an entity approved by the World Health Organization (registration number KCT0008524, registration date 15/06/2023).

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A Controlled Clinical Trial on the Effects of Aquatic Exercise on Cognitive Functions in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Terra de Oliveira,

Lino,

Scarmagnan

et al. 2024

Brain Sciences

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Several therapies have been developed to reduce cognitive decline associated with aging. Aquatic exercises, which are widely used to enhance functional capacity, may play a role in stimulating cognitive functions. This study investigated the effects of a 3-month aquatic exercise program on cognitive functions in community-dwelling older adults. In this prospective, single-blinded, controlled clinical trial, 31 participants were allocated to either the experimental (aquatic exercises) or control (no-exercise) group. The intervention program consisted of exercises conducted twice a week in a 1.2 m deep indoor pool. The main outcome measures were cognitive functions, assessed using Raven’s Progressive Matrices test and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. A repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to assess the impact of the exercise program. The effect sizes (η2p) were reported when a level of significance was achieved (p < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the participants who underwent aquatic exercises showed positive outcomes in Raven’s Progressive Matrices test (p = 0.046; η2p = 0.131) and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (p = 0.001, η2p = 0.589). Complementary analyses of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test indicated that the benefits of the aquatic exercise were observed in terms of the number of trials (p = 0.001, η2p = 0.478), number of errors (p = 0.001, η2p = 0.458), and number of non-perseverative errors (p = 0.001, η2p = 0.302). The results indicate that a period of three months of aquatic exercise was beneficial for stimulating specific aspects of the cognitive function of community-dwelling older individuals. Aquatic exercise should be prescribed to this population.

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Effects of dual-task resistance exercise on cognition, mood, depression, functional fitness, and activities of daily living in older adults with cognitive impairment: a single-blinded, randomized controlled trial

Cited by 4 publications

References 68 publications

Current Trends of Exercise Programs for Improving Cognitive Function in Older Adults

Current Trends of Exercise Programs for Improving Cognitive Function in Older Adults

Long-term combined “new sports” and resistance exercise improves the physical and mental health of elderly people with stroke-associated hemiplegia: a randomized controlled trial

A Controlled Clinical Trial on the Effects of Aquatic Exercise on Cognitive Functions in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

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