Effects of duration of treatment and dosage of eicosapentaenoic acid and stearidonic acid on red blood cell eicosapentaenoic acid content

Metabolism and functional effects of plant-derived omega-3 fatty acids in humans

“…Other studies comparing the effects of SDA, ALA or EPA supplementation on the increase in blood and blood cell VLC ω-3 PUFAs report that EPA supplementation resulted in higher EPA levels than SDA supplementation, which in turn was higher than ALA supplementation. However, neither ALA, nor SDA, nor EPA resulted in higher DHA levels [97][98][99][100].…”

“…Krul et al report no effect of consuming different amounts of SDA (0.43, 1.3, 2.6 or 5.2 g/d) from this oil for 12 weeks on plasma cholesterol or TAG concentrations in healthy male and female subjects [100]. Harris et al also found no change in serum cholesterol or TAG concentrations after consuming of 3.7 g/d SDA from SDA-rich soybean oil for 16 weeks in overweight or obese adults [166].…”

“…As explained above, the biosynthesis of longerchain ω-3 PUFAs from SDA is considered to be more efficient than from ALA due to it not requiring the rate limiting step catalysed by D6D and studies which have directly compared consumption of SDA to that of ALA have shown a greater increase of EPA in blood lipids and cells than seen for ALA consuming subjects, although no significant changes in plasma or red blood cell (RBC) DHA levels were observed [97][98][99][100].…”

“…Studies which directly compared the effects of SDA with ALA or EPA supplementation on the concentrations of in EPA, DPA and DHA in humans reported that SDA resulted in higher plasma and cell EPA than ALA [97][98][99][100] (Table 8). None of these studies reported an increase in DHA concentrations after an increase in SDA intake, which is consistent with findings following increased intakes of ALA.…”

Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and cardiovascular disease

“…Several studies have examined the capacity of Soyamega™ to increase blood C 20-22 3 PUFA. Each study has yielded essentially the same outcome: SDA is converted to EPA and DPA, but it does not increase blood levels of DHA ( 222,(224)(225)(226)(227)(228)(229). FADS2 not only desaturates ALA to form SDA, it also desaturates 24:5, 3 to form 24:6, 3; then 24:6, 3 is ␤ -oxidized in the peroxisome to form DHA (22:6, 3) ( Fig.…”