Effects of Early Maturation of Brown Egg-Type Pullets, Flock Uniformity, Layer Protein Level, and Cage Design on Egg Production, Egg Size, and Egg Quality

Abstract

Eight-week-old Harco Sex-Link pullets were assigned to four growing regimens. Feed was restricted to Group 1. The birds reached an average weight of 1.52 kg at 20 weeks of age and were then light stimulated. Group 2 received the same ration ad lib and reached an average weight of 1.64 kg at 16 weeks. At this age they were light stimulated. Birds in Groups 3 and 4 were separated into two weight classes at 8 weeks of age. Those below the median weight received an 18% protein grower ration and those above the median weight a 16% ration. Group 3 birds were grown similarly to Group 1; Group 4 birds were grown similarly to Group 2. At housing, each group was equally divided and given either a 17 or 19% protein layer ration. Two cage designs (standard and reverse) were used and each treatment combination was equally represented. Ad lib-fed, early-housed pullets reached 1.64 kg at 16 weeks of age, but they did not come into production until 19.4 weeks of age. Hen-day percent production (HDP) was significantly less than for the late-housed pullets. Feed per dozen eggs was not affected by the early housing, but early-housed pullets laid significantly smaller eggs and feed per gram egg was significantly increased. Hens in reverse cages on a 19% protein layer ration laid the largest eggs in weight and size. Although early housing had a detrimental effect on average egg weight, it appeared possible to manipulate egg weight and size distribution through a combination of cage design and layer protein. Birds grouped by body weight at 8 weeks had higher uniformity, but this trait was not correlated with egg numbers or size. Moreover, housing body weights were not significantly correlated with egg size, suggesting factors other than body weight were responsible for the smaller eggs from early-housed pullets.

Comparative study of growth performance, egg production, egg characteristics and haemato-biochemical parameters ofDesi, Fayoumi and Rhode Island Red chicken

“…Also, after selection for age at sexual maturity, it has correlated response on egg production traits. Concerning the effect of breed on age at sexual maturity, Kiling et al (1985) reported that early-matured pullets laid their first egg before 136 days, while late-matured pullets when they were 152 days of age. Egg production traits such as egg number, egg weight, egg mass and body weight at sexual maturity are affected by age at sexual maturity in chickens and quails (El-Bodgady et al 1993;Camci et al, 2002).…”

Review of life-history lighting programs for commercial laying fowls

“…As current genetic strains mature earlier (Arthur, 1985), the age at sexual maturity for optimum egg mass may be earlier than indicated by his analysis. Recent attempts to force earlier sexual maturity have been unsuccessful, even though pullets reached recommended body weights (Kling et al, 1985a(Kling et al, , 1985bLeeson andSummers, 1981, 1985). Kuney (1982, 1984) found no significant difference in egg income over feed cost when a stimulatory photoschedule was imposed at 18,20 or 22 weeks of age.…”