Effects of Ecological Restoration Modes on Runoff and Erosion Reduction and Vegetation Restoration of Waste Dump Slopes in Lingwu

Abstract

In the coal base of Ningdong, there are many ecological problems associated with the existing local technologies, such as the imperfect technical system, a poor engineering effect, limited generalization value, and the lack of monitoring and evaluation. Based on the screening and integration of the existing technologies in the coal base of Ningdong, we have designed and constructed 14 ecological restoration plots in this study. The 14 plots were composed of two replicates for each of six technical modes and CK treatment (nothing treatment). These technical modes include ecological bag, ecological rod, wire gabion, gravel sand barrier, living sand barrier and wheat straw sand barrier modes. The 14 plots were all constructed in the slope of Yangchangwan waste dump of Ningdong. Several monitoring indicators were selected for vegetation growth observation and data collection, including erosion amount, runoff amount, runoff depth, richness, coverage, herbal biomass, bush biomass and total biomass. Furthermore, the TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method was utilized to evaluate the effects of the six ecological restoration modes. The results showed that the wheat straw sand barrier mode area had the best vegetation restoration effect, with coverage of 45%, richness of 1.23 and an aboveground biomass of 0.60 kg m -2 . Its monitoring results were 45.16%, 43.02%, and 71.43% higher than in the CK, respectively. The gravel sand barrier model presented the least runoff and erosion yield, and its total erosion was 133.46 g m -2 which was only 26.80% of the CK. The runoff amount was 863.32 cm 3 m -2 , even 50.00% less than CK. The TOPSIS results show that the living sand barrier, gravel sand barrier, and wire gabion modes are the three best ecological restoration modes overall.

Comparative Analysis of MCDA Techniques for Identifying Erosion-Prone Areas in the Burhanpur Watershed in Central India for the Purposes of Sustainable Watershed Management

“…Finally, the direct distance and the closeness index are measured to calculate the priority scores [72]. TOPSIS has been widely adopted for prioritization and decision making [46][47][48]50,74]. The general steps involved in the TOPSIS process are presented in Appendix A.2.…”

“…It picks the best alternative, which is the one that is found to be nearest to the IPO and farthest from the INO, based on a closeness coefficient [73]. TOPSIS has been widely adopted for prioritization and decision making [46][47][48]50,74]. The general steps involved in the TOPSIS process are as follows: I.…”