Effects of Eddy Fluxes of Angular Momentum on Model Hurricane Development

Challa, Malakondayya; Pfeffer, Richard L.

doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1980)037<1603:eoefoa>2.0.co;2

Cited by 53 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…This interaction has been correlated empirically with the existence of upper-level mass divergence (Riehl 1948) and the convergence of eddy fluxes of angular momentum (Pfeffer 1956, 1958, Challa and Pfeffer 1980, Pfeffer and Challa 1981, Challa et al 1998). Montgomery and Farrell (1993) proposed a mechanism for tropical cyclogenesis resulting from upper-level balanced dynamics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Tropical cyclogenesis and mid-level vorticity

Raymond¹,

Sessions²

2014

AMOJ

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Tropical cyclogenesis and mid-level vorticity

Raymond¹,

Sessions²

2014

AMOJ

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“…In general, these have shown that intensity changes are only weakly correlated with size changes, and the dynamics controlling these parameters are fundamentally different (Weatherford and Gray 1988a;Merrill 1984;Maclay et al 2008). While less research is available on factors that affect TC size and structure, there are several pertinent papers that explore how different environmental factors could cause size and structure changes within a TC, including angular momentum effects (e.g., Black and Anthes 1971;Challa and Pfeffer 1980;Holland 1983;Holland and Merrill 1984); environmental moisture and potential vorticity (e.g., May and Holland 1999;Wang 2009;HL09); moisture fluxes from the ocean (e.g., Xu and Wang 2010a,b, hereafter XW10a,b); environmental vertical wind shear (e.g., Frank andRitchie 1999, 2001); and dry-air intrusion into the TC circulation (e.g., Kimball 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulated Sensitivity of Tropical Cyclone Size and Structure to the Atmospheric Temperature Profile

Stovern

Ritchie

2016

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

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This study uses the WRF ARW to investigate how different atmospheric temperature environments impact the size and structure development of a simulated tropical cyclone (TC). In each simulation, the entire vertical virtual temperature profile is either warmed or cooled in 18C increments from an initial specified state while the initial relative humidity profile and sea surface temperature are held constant. This alters the initial amount of convective available potential energy (CAPE), specific humidity, and air-sea temperature difference such that, when the simulated atmosphere is cooled (warmed), the initial specific humidity and CAPE decrease (increase), but the surface energy fluxes from the ocean increase (decrease).It is found that the TCs that form in an initially cooler environment develop larger wind and precipitation fields with more active outer-core rainband formation. Consistent with previous studies, outer-core rainband formation is associated with high surface energy fluxes, which leads to increases in the outer-core wind field. A larger convective field develops despite initializing in a low CAPE environment, and the dynamics are linked to a wider field of surface radial inflow. As the TC matures and radial inflow expands, large imports of relative angular momentum in the boundary layer continue to drive expansion of the TC's overall size.

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“…This implies that if other forcings are not important, larger EFC will result in a stronger response of the TC's secondary circulation. If the strength of the TC's secondary circulation is positively correlated with its intensity, which is generally true, then one may expect a simple rule that larger EFC is more likely to enhance the outflow and thus intensify the TC (e.g., Challa and Pfeffer, 1980;Pfeffer and Challa, 1981;Molinari and Vollaro, 1990;Qian et al, 2011). However, when EFC becomes large, other factors may come into play.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this case, they adopted the SEB vortex model to diagnose the relationship between eddy fluxes and Elena's intensity change and found that 200-hPa eddy angular momentum flux convergence (EFC) significantly increased as an upper-level trough swept over Elena's northern part. From then on, the EFC value, which can be computed quantitatively and objectively, has been commonly used as a diagnostic for identifying TC-trough interaction, although the role of EFC in TC intensification was also explored in pioneering works (e.g., Sundqvist, 1970;Challa and Pfeffer, 1980;Pfeffer and Challa, 1981) that used idealized models.…”

Section: Tc Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upper-tropospheric environment–tropical cyclone interactions over the western North Pacific: A statistical study

Qian

Chen²,

Zhang³

et al. 2016

Adv. Atmos. Sci.

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Based on 25-year (1987-2011) tropical cyclone (TC) best track data, a statistical study was carried out to investigate the basic features of upper-tropospheric TC-environment interactions over the western North Pacific. Interaction was defined as the absolute value of eddy momentum flux convergence (EFC) exceeding 10 m s −1 d −1 . Based on this definition, it was found that 18% of all six-hourly TC samples experienced interaction. Extreme interaction cases showed that EFC can reach ∼120 m s −1 d −1 during the extratropical-cyclone (EC) stage, an order of magnitude larger than reported in previous studies. Composite analysis showed that positive interactions are characterized by a double-jet flow pattern, rather than the traditional trough pattern, because it is the jets that bring in large EFC from the upper-level environment to the TC center. The role of the outflow jet is also enhanced by relatively low inertial stability, as compared to the inflow jet. Among several environmental factors, it was found that extremely large EFC is usually accompanied by high inertial stability, low SST and strong vertical wind shear (VWS). Thus, the positive effect of EFC is cancelled by their negative effects. Only those samples during the EC stage, whose intensities were less dependent on VWS and the underlying SST, could survive in extremely large EFC environments, or even re-intensify. For classical TCs (not in the EC stage), it was found that environments with a moderate EFC value generally below ∼25 m s −1 d −1 are more favorable for a TC's intensification than those with extremely large EFC.

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Effects of Eddy Fluxes of Angular Momentum on Model Hurricane Development

Cited by 53 publications

References 0 publications

Tropical cyclogenesis and mid-level vorticity

Tropical cyclogenesis and mid-level vorticity

Simulated Sensitivity of Tropical Cyclone Size and Structure to the Atmospheric Temperature Profile

Upper-tropospheric environment–tropical cyclone interactions over the western North Pacific: A statistical study

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