Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on cardiovascular disease risk factors: a randomized clinical trial

Asztalos, Ivor; Gleason, Joi A.; Sever, Sakine; Gedik, Reyhan; Asztalos, Bela F.; Horvath, Katalin V.; Dansinger, Michael; Lamon‐Fava, Stefania; Schaefer, Ernst J.

doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2016.07.010

Cited by 64 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Schizochytrium sp., a heterotrophic marine microalga, has attracted much attention due to its ability to produce more than 50% lipid rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6), an important member of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) 2 . It plays significant roles in enhancing brain cell development and preventing certain cardiovascular diseases 3 . In addition, scientists also found DHA also can reduce blood pressure 4 and inhibit UVB-induced inflammation in the skin 5 , which expand the application in food additives and nutrition supplement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic Analysis of the Regulation of Lipid Fraction Migration and Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Schizochytrium sp.

Ren

Zhao

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Schizochytrium sp. is the main source of docosahexaenoic acid-rich oil, which is widely used in food additive and pharmaceutical industry. In this study, using RNA-seq, comparative transcriptomic analyses were performed at four stages of DHA fermentation by Schizochytrium sp to get potential genes related to cell transition from cell growth to lipid accumulation and then to lipid turnover. 1406, 385, 1384 differently expressed genes were identified by comparisons in pairs of S2 vs S1, S3 vs S2 and S4 vs S3. Functional analysis revealed that binding and single-organism process might be involve in the cell transition from cell growth to lipid accumulation while oxidation-reduction process played an important role in the transition from lipid accumulation to lipid turnover. pfaC in the PKS pathway showed higher sensitivity to the environmental change, which might be the key regulator for enhancing PUFA biosynthesis in the future. Some other genes in signal transduction and cell transport were revealed to be related to lipid turnover, which would enrich the current knowledge regarding lipid metabolism and help to enhance the DHA production and enrich different lipid fractions by Schizochytrium in the future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic Analysis of the Regulation of Lipid Fraction Migration and Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Schizochytrium sp.

Ren

Zhao

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…Previous studies have also demonstrated that fish oil intake (mainly containing EPA and docosahexaenoic acid) can suppress balloon injury-induced arterial neointima formation in animals (25). In addition, while acetylsalicylic acid (ASA; aspirin) alone has no significant effect on vascular remodeling in response to injury (26), combinations of fish oil and ASA act synergistically to inhibit thrombosis and injuryinduced neointimal hyperplasia in both mice and humans (27)(28)(29)(30). This indicates that de novo formation of RvE1 may protect against vascular damage (31).…”

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confidence: 99%

Resolvin E1 attenuates inj ury‐induced vascular neointimal formation by inhibition of inflammatory responses and vascular smooth muscle cell migration

et al. 2018

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Mechanical insults, such as stent implantation, can induce endothelial injury, vascular inflammation, and ultimately lead to vascular neointimal hyperplasia. Resolvin E1 (RvE1), derived from the ω3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid, can facilitate the resolution of inflammation in many settings. We therefore aimed to determine if there was a role for RvE1 in preventing neointimal formation after arterial injury and to understand the underlying mechanisms. Vascular inflammation and neointimal hyperplasia were induced by wire injury in the femoral arteries of mice. Administration of exogenous RvE1 and endogenously generated RvE1 via dietary supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid and aspirin markedly reduced vascular neointima formation in this model. Mechanistically, RvE1 was found to inhibit vascular neutrophil infiltration, promote macrophage polarization toward an M2-like phenotype, suppress T-cell trafficking by reducing RANTES secretion from vascular smooth muscle cells, and inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell migration. In summary, RvE1 demonstrated a protective role against vascular inflammation and remodeling in response to mechanical injury, suggesting that it may serve as an adjuvant therapeutic agent for percutaneous coronary interventions, such as stent implantation.-Liu, G., Gong, Y., Zhang, R., Piao, L., Li, X., Liu, Q., Yan, S., Shen, Y., Guo, S., Zhu, M., Yin, H., Funk, C. D., Zhang, J., Yu, Y. Resolvin E1 attenuates injury-induced vascular neointimal formation by inhibition of inflammatory responses and vascular smooth muscle cell migration.

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“…Higher doses of DHA/EPA either in the form of fish oil or algae extracts, or as synthetic formulations have been shown to be beneficial for cardiovascular health parameters including postprandial hypertriglyceridemia and HDL levels but are likely to be associated with some minor side effects (heartburn, nausea, diarrhea, rash, nosebleeds) and some major (pancreatitis, fibromyalgia, arthritis, arrhythmias, hypertension, kidney failure) (Bays, ; Lien, ). The possibility of increased levels of serum LDL represents another concern regarding the use of DHA (Asztalos et al., ) Therefore, strategies for DHA use for health purposes often translate into balancing act between increasing doses and emerging side effects. Consideration of the limited bioavailability of n‐3‐PUFA has become an essential factor in the development of new nutraceutical formulations allowing harmless and effective medicinal use of low dose DHA supplementation regimens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The possibility of increased levels of serum LDL represents another concern regarding the use of DHA (Asztalos et al, 2016) Therefore, strategies for DHA use for health purposes often translate into balancing act between increasing doses and emerging side effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of elevated lipids and low‐density lipoprotein oxidation in serum of individuals with subclinical hypoxia and oxidative stress supplemented with lycosome formulation of docosahexaenoic acid

Petyaev

Dovgalevsky

Chalyk

et al. 2019

Food Science & Nutrition

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Thirty two individuals aged 40–65 years old with a moderate hyperlipidemia (serum triglycerides > 150 mg/dl and LDL from 130 to 160 mg/dl) were supplemented once daily for 30 days with a 250 mg conventional formulation of docosahexaenoic acid ( DHA ) without lycopene ( CF ‐ DHA ) or 250 mg of lycosome‐formulated DHA containing 7 mg of lycopene ( LF ‐ DHA ). It was shown that ingestion of CF ‐ DHA led to a transient increase in serum DHA level after 2 weeks of the trial, whereas LF ‐ DHA did not cause significant changes in serum DHA . However, there was a noticeable increase in serum eicosapentaenoic acid levels exceeding the pretreatment value by 42.8% and 39.1% after the 2nd and 4th weeks of LF ‐ DHA ingestion. Patients supplemented with LF ‐ DHA showed a significant (19.5 mg/dl, p < 0.05) decline in LDL , which was accompanied by a corresponding decrease in total serum cholesterol and a much stronger reduction in serum triglyceride levels (reduction of medians by 27.5 mg/dl). No changes in HDL were observed. LF ‐ DHA caused a significant decline in the serum level of malonic dialdehyde ( MDA ), whereas the components of LF ‐ DHA , lycopene and DHA , ingested as two separate formulations had a less significant effect on serum MDA . Moreover, LF ‐ DHA increased both the plasma oxygen transport and tissue oxygen saturation by the end of the observational period, while lycopene or DHA taken alone, or both of them co‐ingested separately had none or a much less effect on the oxygen turnover parameters.

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Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on cardiovascular disease risk factors: a randomized clinical trial

Cited by 64 publications

References 48 publications

Transcriptomic Analysis of the Regulation of Lipid Fraction Migration and Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Schizochytrium sp.

Transcriptomic Analysis of the Regulation of Lipid Fraction Migration and Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Schizochytrium sp.

Resolvin E1 attenuates inj ury‐induced vascular neointimal formation by inhibition of inflammatory responses and vascular smooth muscle cell migration

Reduction of elevated lipids and low‐density lipoprotein oxidation in serum of individuals with subclinical hypoxia and oxidative stress supplemented with lycosome formulation of docosahexaenoic acid

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