Effects of Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acid on Cell Growth and Prostaglandin E and Leukotriene B Production by a Human Breast Cancer Cell Line (MDA-MB-231)

Noguchi, Masakuni; Earashi, Mitsuharu; Minami, Masaki; Kinoshita, Kazuo; Miyazaki, Itsuo

doi:10.1159/000227511

Cited by 48 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) provides suitable sensitivity and selectivity for prostaglandin measurement but requires laborious sample preparation including derivatization [10,11]. To overcome these limitations, antibody based assays such as ELISA and RIA have been developed to provide higher throughput measurement of prostaglandins in biological samples [12,13]. However, antibody based assays suffer from cross-reactivity with related compounds resulting in reduced selectivity leading to ambiguous and possible misleading results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An improved LC–MS/MS method for the quantification of prostaglandins E2 and D2 production in biological fluids

Cao

Xiao

Park

et al. 2008

Analytical Biochemistry

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We report an improved LC-MS-MS assay that accurately measures prostaglandins D 2 (PGD 2 ) and E 2 (PGE 2 ) in cell culture supernatants and other biological fluids. The limit of detection for each prostaglandin was 20 pg/mL (0.20 pg; 0.55 fmol on-column), and the inter-day and intra-day coefficients of variation were less than 5%. Both d 4 -PGE 2 and d 4 -PGD 2 were used as surrogate standards to control for differential loss and degradation of the analytes. Stability studies indicated that sample preparation time should be less than 8 h to measure PGD 2 accurately, whereas preparation time did not affect PGE 2 measurement due to its greater stability in biological samples. As an application of the method, PGD 2 and PGE 2 were measured in culture supernatants from A549 cells and RAW 264.7 cells. The human lung alveolar cell line A549 was found to produce PGE 2 but no PGD 2 while the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 produced PGD 2 and only trace amounts of PGE 2 . This direct comparison showed that COX-2 gene expression can lead to differential production of PGD 2 and PGE 2 by epithelial cells and macrophages. Since PGE 2 is anti-asthmatic and PGD 2 is pro-asthmatic, we speculate that the balance of production of these eicosanoids by epithelial cells and macropahges in the lung contributes to the pathogenesis of COPD, bronchiectasis, asthma, and lung cancer.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An improved LC–MS/MS method for the quantification of prostaglandins E2 and D2 production in biological fluids

Cao

Xiao

Park

et al. 2008

Analytical Biochemistry

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“…[1][2][3][4] Flaxseed (FS) contains the highest level of SDG, with values 75-800 times those in other plant foods, 5 and is also the richest source of ALA, 6 suggesting that it may be protective against mammary cancer.…”

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confidence: 99%

The inhibitory effect of flaxseed on the growth and metastasisof estrogen receptor negative human breast cancer xenograftsis attributed to both its lignan and oil components

2005

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The inhibitory effect of flaxseed on the growth and metastasis of estrogen receptor negative human breast cancer xenografts is attributed to both its lignan and oil components Linda Wang, Jianmin Chen and Lilian U. Thompson * Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaOur previous studies have shown that dietary flaxseed (FS) can reduce the growth and metastasis of human estrogen receptor negative (ER-) breast cancer in nude mice. The aims of our study were to determine (i) whether the tumor inhibitory effect of FS was due to its oil (FO), lignan secoisolariciresinol diglycoside (SDG), or both components, and (ii) whether the effect on tumor growth was related to increased lipid peroxidation. Athymic nude mice were orthotopically injected with ER-breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-435) and 8 weeks later were fed either the basal diet (BD) or BD supplemented with 10% FS, SDG, FO, or combined SDG and FO (SDG 1 FO) for 6 weeks. The SDG and FO levels were equivalent to the amounts in the 10% FS. Compared to the BD group, the tumor growth rate was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the FS, FO, and SDG 1 FO groups, in concordance with decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis; however, these did not significantly relate to the lipid peroxidation, indexed as malonaldehyde (MDA), in the primary tumors. Lung metastasis incidence was reduced (16-70%) by all treatments, significantly in the FS and SDG 1 FO groups. The distant lymph node metastasis was significantly decreased (52%) only in the FO group. Although the total metastasis incidence was lowered (42%) significantly only in the SDG 1 FO group, all treatment groups did not differ significantly. In conclusion, FS reduced the growth and metastasis of established ER-human breast cancer in part due to its lignan and FO components, and not to lipid peroxidation. Previous studies have shown that the n-3 fatty acid, a-linolenic acid (ALA), as well as its metabolites, eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and secoisolariciresinol diglycoside (SDG), the precursor to the mammalian lignans, enterolactone (EL) and enterodiol (ED), can inhibit the various stages of mammary carcinogenesis.1-4 Flaxseed (FS) contains the highest level of SDG, with values 75-800 times those in other plant foods, 5 and is also the richest source of ALA, 6 suggesting that it may be protective against mammary cancer.Dietary supplementation of 5 or 10% FS indeed has been shown to inhibit the initiation and early and late promotion stages of mammary carcinogenesis in carcinogen-treated rats.7-9 FS at 10% level has also been shown to inhibit the growth of both human estrogen receptor positive (ER1) MCF-7 and ER negative (ER-) MDA-MB-435 breast cancer xenografts in nude mice.10,11 Furthermore, spontaneous metastasis has been reduced by feeding mice with 10% FS diet when ER tumors are already established. 11,12 In carcinogen-treated rats, reduction in established tumor growth has been attributed to both the SDG and oil components of ...

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“…Fish oils rich in n-3 PUFAs, mainly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been shown to inhibit tumour development in some animal models (Karmali et al, 1984;Carroll and Braden, 1985a;Jurkowski and Cave, 1985; Cohen et al, 1993;Kinoshita et al, 1994;Rose et al, 1995). However, several investigators have found that the inhibitory effect of n-3 PUFAs was apparent when the n-31n-6 ratio ranged from 1:1 to 1:2 (Abou- El-Ela et al, 1989;Cohen et al, 1993;Noguchi et al, 1995a), indicating that the ratio of n-3 to n-6 PUFAs preventive agents in breast cancer, but a large amount of dietary n-3 PUFAs would be required for breast cancer prevention and treatment. Nevertheless, the ratio of n-3 to n-6 PUFAs in the Japanese diet is less than 1:2 (Hirahara, 1995), whereas the Eskimo diet is unusual in that fat is derived almost exclusively from fish and aquatic animals.…”

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confidence: 99%

Chemoprevention of DMBA-induced mammary carcinogenesis in rats by low-dose EPA and DHA

Noguchi

Minami²,

Yagasaki³

et al. 1997

Br J Cancer

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Summary We investigated the effects of low-dose eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the incidence and growth of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary carcinoma in rats fed a high-fat (HF) diet. We also examined the effects of these treatments on the fatty acid composition of tumour and serum. Tumour incidence was significantly decreased by the administration of low-dose EPA and DHA, whereas their inhibitory effects on tumour growth did not reach significance. Serum arachidonic acid (AA) level was decreased by the administration of low-dose EPA and tended to be decreased by the administration of low-dose DHA, whereas tumour AA levels were not changed. The administration of low-dose EPA and DHA may be useful for inhibiting the incidence of breast cancer.

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Effects of Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acid on Cell Growth and Prostaglandin E and Leukotriene B Production by a Human Breast Cancer Cell Line (MDA-MB-231)

Cited by 48 publications

References 21 publications

An improved LC–MS/MS method for the quantification of prostaglandins E2 and D2 production in biological fluids

An improved LC–MS/MS method for the quantification of prostaglandins E2 and D2 production in biological fluids

The inhibitory effect of flaxseed on the growth and metastasisof estrogen receptor negative human breast cancer xenograftsis attributed to both its lignan and oil components

Chemoprevention of DMBA-induced mammary carcinogenesis in rats by low-dose EPA and DHA

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