Effects of Eight Weeks of Aerobic Exercise on Markers of Oxidative Stress in Elderly Women

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Oxidative stress is a common mediator in pathogenicity of established cardiovascular risk factors. The purpose of this study was to determine effects of selected aerobic training on some oxidative stress indicators in sedentary elderly women. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 21 participants (age range: 60-70 years) were selected by convenience sampling and then randomly assigned to an exercise group (n=11) and a control group (n=10). Aerobic exercise was performed at 50-70% of heart rate reserve for 45-60 minutes per session, three sessions a week, for eight weeks. Blood samples were taken at baseline and 24 hours after the last training session. Within-group and between-group differences were assessed using paired sample t-test and independent t-test, respectively. Statistical significance level was set at 0.05. Results: Weight, body mass index and body fat percentage decreased significantly after the exercise intervention (P<0.05). We also noted a significant reduction in endothelin-1 levels in both groups (P<0.05). Nitric oxide increased significantly after the eight-week exercise training (P<0.05). Moreover, serum 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels decreased significantly in the exercise group (P<0.05). No significant change was observed in malondialdehyde and urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels in both groups. The result also showed a significant difference in subjects' weight and in nitric oxide and 8hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: It seems that regular aerobic exercise at moderate intensity can improve antioxidative capacity and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in elderly women.

Effect of exercise training on nitric oxide and nitrate/nitrite (NOx) production: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…The main characteristics and findings of all 15 included studies ( Higashi et al, 1999 ; Narin et al, 2003 ; Maeda et al, 2004 ; Wang, 2005 ; Mourot et al, 2009 ; Krause et al, 2014 ; Elsisi et al, 2016 ; Ghardashi Afousi et al, 2016 ; Tomeleri et al, 2017 ; Tsukiyama et al, 2017 ; Ghahremani Moghadam and Hejazi, 2018 ; Hasegawa et al, 2018 ; Izadi et al, 2018 ; Mohammadi et al, 2018 ; Arefirad et al, 2020 ) in the systematic review are presented in Table 1 comprising 527 participants. Ten studies were included in the meta-analysis, comprising 265 participants ( Higashi et al, 1999 ; Narin et al, 2003 ; Maeda et al, 2004 ; Ghardashi Afousi et al, 2016 ; Tomeleri et al, 2017 ; Ghahremani Moghadam and Hejazi, 2018 ; Hasegawa et al, 2018 ; Izadi et al, 2018 ; Mohammadi et al, 2018 ; Arefirad et al, 2020 ). All studies were performed from 1999 to 2020, with sample sizes ranging from 12 to 60 healthy or unhealthy individuals.…”

The role of resistance training and creatine supplementation on oxidative stress, antioxidant defense, muscle strength, and quality of life in older adults

“…The effect of combined training (aerobic and resistance training) on DNA oxidative damage and antioxidant properties in middle-aged and older people was investigated by ( 33 ) which indicated the positive role of the above exercise program in improving antioxidant capacity and reducing 8-OHdG. Ghahramani Moghadam ’ s study also demonstrated a reduction in 8-OHdG levels in older women after 8 weeks of exercise training ( 34 ). In another study by Padilha, three sessions of RT per week (for 12-weeks) reduced oxidative stress indices in older women ( 35 ).…”