Effects of eight years of crop rotation and tillage on nitrogen availability and budget of a sandy loam soil

Soon, Y. K.; Clayton, George W.

doi:10.4141/s03-001

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Although soil under CT had on average 12 kg ha -1 more NO 3 -N in the 15-to 60-cm depth at sowing than soil under NT (P = 0.02), this had no effect on crop N uptake, utilization and yield, suggesting that NO 3 -in subsoil may not be efficiently exploited by crops. Soil NO 3 content is typically higher under CT compared with NT (Nyborg and Malhi 1989;Grant and Lafond 1994;Soon and Clayton 2003). However, growing season N min was not significantly affected by tillage.…”

Section: General Discussion and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Conversely, NT tends to conserve soil organic matter. Consequently, soil NO 3 has more frequently than not been reported to be higher in the fall or spring under CT than under NT or minimum tillage (MT) (Nyborg and Malhi 1989;Grant and Lafond 1994;Soon and Clayton 2003). In the prairies, cereal yields and/or N uptake tend to be higher under CT than NT when (i) available water is adequate, but the opposite trend prevails when available water is low (Halvorson et al 2000); and (ii) N supply is low, whereas yields are similar when N supply is adequate (Nyborg and Malhi 1989;Malhi and Nyborg 1990).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In the prairies, cereal yields and/or N uptake tend to be higher under CT than NT when (i) available water is adequate, but the opposite trend prevails when available water is low (Halvorson et al 2000); and (ii) N supply is low, whereas yields are similar when N supply is adequate (Nyborg and Malhi 1989;Malhi and Nyborg 1990). Soon and Clayton (2003) reported that when N fertilizer was applied at recommended rates, N uptake was higher with CT than with NT during the first 4 yr while the opposite trend prevailed the following 4 yr. The trend was thought to have resulted from enhanced N immobilization in the soil during the early years of NT.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Nitrogen supply of a Dark Brown Chernozem soil and its utilization by wheat

Soon¹,

Brandt²,

Malhi³

2006

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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S. S. 2006. Nitrogen supply of a Dark Brown Chernozem soil and its utilization by wheat. Can. J. Soil Sci. 86: 483-491. Environment and management effects on the N supply to crops are not well understood. We assessed the influence of tillage system (conventional tillage or no-till), N fertilizer (0 or 60 kg N ha -1 ) and year on N sources and supply of a Dark Brown Chernozem loam soil, and N utilization by spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in 2 yr. The main N source was mineralized N; only 14-23% of wheat N was derived from fertilizer, and non-exchangeable ammonium made no measurable contribution. Soil NO 3 and exchangeable NH 4 content at sowing and net N mineralization during the growing season (N min ) were influenced more by year than by N addition and tillage. N min was 90-100 kg N ha -1 in 1999, a moist growing season but only 21-39 kg N ha -1 in 2000, a drier year. In both years, soil inorganic N to 60 cm at sowing averaged about 60 kg N ha -1 of which half was N mineralized since the previous harvest. Year accounted for 65-81% of the variation in N uptake. Fertilization increased N uptake and wheat yields, especially in 2000, but fertilization and tillage had no effect on post-heading N uptake and N translocation. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and N recovery were lower with N applied and not affected by tillage. Our study indicated that available N was affected more by environment than management. In dry conditions, when N min is low, N application may be more effective in increasing yield and N uptake than in wet years, an observation that may merit further attention. Management decisions such as cropping and tillage systems and level of fertilization, as well as climatic conditions, influence crop production and N utilization (Halvorson et al. 1999;Lopez-Bellido et al. 2000). Although increasing N application enhances N uptake by wheat, N utilization often becomes less efficient (Delogu et al. 1998;Lopez-Bellido and Lopez-Bellido 2001). Halvorson et al. (1999) found that reducing the intensity of tillage or increasing N rate from 34 to 67 kg N ha -1 generally resulted in higher yields of wheat; however, the response varied among years due to water availability. Campbell et al. (1993) reported that N utilization by spring wheat was influenced more by available water and N application rate than the placement and timing of N application, and was increased by soil NO 3 remaining in the fall and decreased by fertilizer N. Soil water limitation and high inter-annual variability in precipitation are common on the prairies (Bochert 1950), and may have a greater influence than farm management practices on nutrient utilization.

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Section: General Discussion and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 88%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitrogen supply of a Dark Brown Chernozem soil and its utilization by wheat

Soon¹,

Brandt²,

Malhi³

2006

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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“…The lower extractable inorganic N concentrations are attributed to greater N immobilization when straw was retained, especially when incorporated into the soil by tillage. We have previously shown that in the fall, total NO 3 -content in the rooting zone tended to be higher under CT than NT (Soon and Clayton 2003;Soon and Arshad 2004). Soil NO 3 -content has been reported to be greater in the subsurface layers under CT than NT (Grant and Lafond 1994) or unaffected by tillage practices (Malhi et al 1992).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Tillage, crop residue and crop sequence effects on nitrogen availability in a legume-based cropping system

Soon¹,

Arshad²

2004

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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Soon, Y. K. and Arshad, M. A. 2004. Tillage, crop residue and crop sequence effects on nitrogen availability in a legumebased cropping system. Can. J. Soil Sci. 84: 421-430. A field study was conducted to determine the effects and interactions of crop sequence, tillage and residue management on labile N pools and their availability because such information is sparse. Experimental treatments were no-till (NT) vs. conventional tillage (CT), and removal vs. retention of straw, imposed on a barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)-canola (Brassica rapa L.)-field pea (Pisum sativum L.) rotation. 15 N-labelling was used to quantify N uptake from straw, below-ground N (BGN), and fertilizer N. Straw retention increased soil microbial biomass N (MBN) in 2 of 3 yr at the four-leaf growth stage of barley, consistent with observed decreases in extractable soil inorganic N at seeding. However, crop yield and N uptake at maturity were not different between straw treatments. No tillage increased soil MBN, crop yield and N uptake compared to CT, but had no effect on extractable soil inorganic N. The greater availability of N under NT was probably related to soil moisture conservation. Tillage effects on soil and plant N were mostly independent of straw treatment. Straw and tillage treatments did not influence the uptake of N from its various sources. However, barley following pea (legume/non-legume sequence) derived a greater proportion of its N from BGN (13 to 23% or 9 to 23 kg N ha -1 ) than canola following barley (nonlegumes) (6 to 16% or 3 to 9 kg N ha -1 ). Fertilizer N constituted 8 to 11% of barley N uptake and 23 to 32% of canola N uptake. Straw N contributed only 1 to 3% of plant N uptake. This study showed the dominant influence of tillage on N availability, and of the preceding crop or cropping sequence on N uptake partitioning among available N sources. [421][422][423][424][425][426][427][428][429][430]. Les auteurs ont effectué une étude sur le terrain afin d'établir les effets et les interactions de la succession des cultures, du travail du sol et de la gestion des résidus de récolte sur les réserves et la disponibilité du N labile, car on sait peu de choses en la matière. Les traitements examinés étaient les suivants : non-travail (NT) contre travail ordinaire (TO) du sol et retrait ou rétention de la paille dans un assolement orge (Hordeum vulgare L.)-canola (Brassica rapa L.)-pois de grande culture (Pisum sativum L.). Les auteurs ont recouru au marquage par le 15 N pour quantifier l'absorption du N venant de la paille, du sol (NS) ou de l'engrais. La rétention de la paille a accru le N de la biomasse bactérienne (NBB) deux années sur trois au stade de la quatrième feuille, ce qui concorde avec la diminution du N minéral extractible présent dans le sol aux semis. Toutefois, le rendement et l'absorption de N à maturité ne varient pas avec le traitement de la paille. Comparativement au travail ordinaire du sol, le non-travail accroît le NBB, le rendement et l'absorption du N, sans agir sur la quantité de N minéral extractib...

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“…These studies only determined N balance for the year of pulse crop cultivation rather than the entire cropping sequence. Soon & Clayton (2003) showed that N exported in grains over a 4-year rotation cycle was only 3-7 kg/ha more than N input through N 2 fixation and recommended rates of fertilizer application for a pea-wheat-canola-wheat rotation. The N removal was similar to a continuous wheat rotation, however, 0 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of di-nitrogen fixation by pea to the productivity and N budget of a wheat-based cropping system

Soon

Arshad

2004

J. Agric. Sci.

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SU MMARYThe productivity and N budget of three crop rotations were determined in a field study beginning in 1997. A duplicate experiment was initiated in 1998; each experiment lasted 3 years. The rotations were : continuous wheat (WWW), oilseed rape-wheat-wheat (RWW) and pea-wheat-wheat (PWW). Wheat and oilseed rape received 0 or 60 kg N/ha, apart from fertilized wheat following pea, which received 22 . 5 kg N/ha, and in the third year of the rotation all plots received 60 kg N/ha. Peak N 2 fixation by pea averaged 86 kg N/ha and grain N offtake was 74 kg N/ha. In the spring following the unfertilized crops the trend for soil NO 3 -N was : pea>oilseed rape>wheat. The yields of second and third phase wheat followed the order: PWW>WWW>RWW. The superior yield of second phase wheat following pea is attributed to greater availability of N, mainly below the 25 cm depth of soil. Yields of second phase wheat of the other rotations showed no response to N fertilizer, probably because of dry surface soil in those years. Nitrogen deficits of the no-N treatments over the rotation cycle were 31 kg/ha for PWW and RWW and 87 kg/ha for WWW. Application of N fertilizer reduced the N deficit to 13 kg/ha for PWW and resulted in N gains of 22 kg/ha for WWW and 82 kg/ha for RWW. Oilseed rape yields of this study were much lower than normal for the region, thus N removal in the grain was low. It is concluded that pea is superior to oilseed rape as a break crop, and to maintain N balance through the rotation, wheat following pea required about 20 kg/ha less fertilizer N than was applied to wheat following non-legume crops.

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Effects of eight years of crop rotation and tillage on nitrogen availability and budget of a sandy loam soil

Cited by 15 publications

References 23 publications

Nitrogen supply of a Dark Brown Chernozem soil and its utilization by wheat

Nitrogen supply of a Dark Brown Chernozem soil and its utilization by wheat

Tillage, crop residue and crop sequence effects on nitrogen availability in a legume-based cropping system

Contribution of di-nitrogen fixation by pea to the productivity and N budget of a wheat-based cropping system

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