Effects of Elastic Joints on Performances of a Close-Chained Rod Rolling Robot

A Study on the Optimization of Regional Port Investments Considering Disasters under Uncertain Demand

“…Equation ( 1) and Equation ( 3) are the objective functions in the model. Equation (1) represents the minimum total system cost, and the specific cost components are shown in equation (2). Total costs include shipper's land transport costs, land transport time costs, port handling costs, in-port time costs, port operator's investment expansion costs, and damage costs in the event of a disaster at the port.…”

“…As an important basic industry in the national economic system [1] , reasonable investment in ports can effectively enhance the location advantage of the hinterland. Demand is an important basis for port investment decisions, and a changing market can cause a certain gap between the port's capacity and actual freight demand after construction [2] . At the same time, ports are often affected by natural disasters, with the risk of disruption and damage to facilities.…”

“…At present, port capacity investment and disaster prevention investment have attracted extensive attention from scholars at home and abroad. For the problem of capacity investment under uncertain demand, ZHAO [2] used geometric Brownian motion to describe the uncertainty of demand and studied the port investment decision problem in multi-port areas. ZHENG [3] used the real options approach to analyze a study on the timing of terminal investment decisions considering competitors in an uncertain market.…”