Effects of electroacupuncture on gastric motility in dogs

Qian, LW; Zhang, M; Peters, L.J.; Chen, Jdz

doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(98)83355-6

Cited by 20 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…The location of ST36 is at the proximal one-fifth of the craniolateral surface of the rear leg distal to the head of the tibia in a depression between the muscles of the cranial tibia and the long digital extensor. ST36 is one of the most frequently used acupuncture points for the treatment of gastric diseases and has been used in our previous studies in both humans and dogs (26,30,36). EA at acupoints located on the back [bladder-21 (BL21)] were used for sham acupuncture.…”

Section: Electroacupuncturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Electroacupuncture improves impaired gastric motility and slow waves induced by rectal distension in dogs

Chen¹,

Song²,

Yin³

et al. 2008

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

112

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puncture improves impaired gastric motility and slow waves induced by rectal distension in dogs. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 295: G614 -G620, 2008. First published July 24, 2008 doi:10.1152/ajpgi.90322.2008 is known to induce upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of RD on gastric slow waves (GSW) and motor activity and furthermore to investigate the effects and mechanisms of electroacupuncture (EA) on GSW and motor activity. Eight female hound dogs chronically implanted with gastric serosal electrodes and a gastric fistula were studied in six separate sessions. Antral motility, GSW, heart rate variability, and rectal pressure were evaluated for the above purposes. 1) RD at a volume of 120 ml suppressed antral motility significantly. Guanethidine blocked the inhibitory effect of RD. EA at ST36 was able to restore the suppressed antral contractions induced by RD (16.6 Ϯ 1.7 vs. 8.0 Ϯ 1.4, P Ͻ 0.001). Naloxone partially blocked the effect of EA on antral contractions. 2) RD reduced the percentage of normal GSW from 98.8 Ϯ 0.8% at baseline to 76.1 Ϯ 8.6% (P Ͻ 0.05) that was increased to 91.8 Ϯ 3.0% with EA. The effects of EA on the GSW were nullified by the presence of naloxone. 3) EA did not show any significant effect on rectal pressure, suggesting that the ameliorating effects of EA on RD-induced impaired gastric motility were not due to a decrease in rectal pressure. 4) EA increased the vagal activity suppressed by RD. In conclusion, RD inhibits postprandial gastric motility and impairs GSW in dogs, and the inhibitory effects are mediated via the adrenergic pathways. EA at ST36 is able to restore the RD-induced impaired GSW and motor activities, possibly by enhancing vagal activity, and is partially mediated via the opioid pathway. EA may have therapeutic potential for functional gastrointestinal disorders. adrenergic pathway; gastric slow waves; naloxone CHRONIC, IDIOPATHIC, slow-transit constipation and constipationdominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are commonly observed in clinical practice. These patients frequently complain of upper abdominal symptoms such as bloating, upper abdominal discomfort or pain, and vomiting. The symptoms overlap with lower abdominal symptoms and are resistant to dietary and pharmacological treatments because of the constipation issues; they are related to the presence of impaired gastrointestinal myoelectrical activity and reduced upper gastrointestinal motor activity (1,4,13,31,33,37). This phenomenon has led to the hypothesis that rectal distension (RD) with fecal stasis in the colorectal region directly causes reflexive inhibition of proximal gastrointestinal motility (5,7,9,22,32,50).A number of investigations have indicated that RD induces upper gastrointestinal symptoms, inhibits gastric tone and accommodation, and delays gastric emptying (3, 14, 20 -21, 24, 34 -35, 50). However, little information about the effects of RD on gastric contractions is available, although gastric co...

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Section: Electroacupuncturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…EA at ST36 and PC6 increased the regularity of GSW in both the proximal and distal stomach and accelerated gastric emptying of liquid in conscious dogs (30,36). Lin et al (26) performed EA at the same acupuncture points and reported a significant increase in the percentage of normal GSW in healthy volunteers.…”

Section: Ea Normalized the Gsw Impaired By Rdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroacupuncture improves impaired gastric motility and slow waves induced by rectal distension in dogs

Chen¹,

Song²,

Yin³

et al. 2008

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

112

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The pericardium (PC)-6 (Neiguan) at wrist and stomach (ST)-36 (Zusanli) at hindlimb are the common acupoints used for treating gastric symptoms such as nausea and vomiting (1, 35), suggesting that acupuncture at these acupoints may stimulate gastric motility. In contrast, acupuncture on the abdomen has been used for treating abdominal pain (8,11,17), suggesting that acupuncture at this point may inhibit gastric motility and/or reduce gastrospasm.Recently, the effects of acupuncture on GI function were mostly investigated with electric stimulation (electroacupuncture) (5,41,45,46,56). Electroacupuncture at ST-36 and PC-6 has been shown to enhance the gastric migrating motor complex (MMC) in conscious dogs (45).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, the effects of acupuncture on GI function were mostly investigated with electric stimulation (electroacupuncture) (5,41,45,46,56). Electroacupuncture at ST-36 and PC-6 has been shown to enhance the gastric migrating motor complex (MMC) in conscious dogs (45).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual effects of acupuncture on gastric motility in conscious rats

Tatewaki¹,

Harris²,

Uemura³

et al. 2003

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

101

112

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. Dual effects of acupuncture on gastric motility in conscious rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 285: R862-R872, 2003; 10.1152/ ajpregu.00715.2002The effects of manual acupuncture on gastric motility were investigated in 35 conscious rats implanted with a strain gauge transducer. Twenty (57.1%) rats showed no cyclic groupings of strong contractions (type A), whereas 15 (42.9%) rats showed the phase III-like contractions of the migrating motor complex (type B) in the fasting gastric motility. Acupuncture at the stomach (ST)-36 (Zusanli), but not on the back [Weishu, bladder (BL)-21], increased the peak amplitude of contractions to 172.4 Ϯ 25.6% of basal in the type A rats (n ϭ 20, P Ͻ 0.05). On the other hand, the motility index for 60 min after the acupuncture was not affected by the acupuncture in this group. On the contrary, acupuncture decreased the peak amplitude and motility index to 72.9 Ϯ 14.0% and 73.6 Ϯ 16.2% in the type B rats (n ϭ 15, P Ͻ 0.05), respectively. The stimulatory and inhibitory effects of acupuncture observed in each type were reproducible on the separate days. In 70% of type A rats, acupuncture induced strong phase III-like contractions lasting for over 3 h that were abolished by atropine, hexamethonium, atropine methyl bromide, and vagotomy. Naloxone significantly shortened the duration of the stimulatory effects from 3.52 Ϯ 0.21 to 1.02 Ϯ 0.15 h (n ϭ 3, P Ͻ 0.05). These results suggest that acupuncture at ST-36 induces dual effects, either stimulatory or inhibitory, on gastric motility. The stimulatory effects are mediated in part via vagal efferent and opioid pathways. vagal nerve; migrating motor complex; stomach-36; opioid ACUPUNCTURE HAS BEEN USED empirically in clinical practice in China for several millennia (59). In November 1997, the National Institutes of Health conducted a consensus conference regarding acupuncture and concluded that acupuncture is an effective treatment for several medical conditions. Although a large number of previous clinical studies support the efficacy of acupuncture for treating gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and/or diseases (9, 16), little is known about the underlying mechanism(s).It has been demonstrated that the somatosensory inputs from the skin and/or muscle are involved in the control of various autonomic functions (22,26). A series of investigations regarding somato-autonomic reflexes has also been carried out focusing on GI function. In some of those investigations, there is good evidence indicating the importance of cutaneo-sensory inputs in the autonomic control of GI motility. In anesthetized rats, for instance, it has been shown that the cutaneogastric reflexes mediate the inhibition and the stimulation of gastric motility via sympathetic and parasympathetic efferents, respectively (24,28,47). It was shown that the cutaneo-sensory stimulation induced by pinching abdominal skin of rats inhibits gastric motility by increasing sympathetic activity. On the other hand, cutaneo-sensory stimulation induced by pinching the hindlimb enh...

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“…Although the beneficial effects of acupuncture may be the result of the modulation of an imbalance in the autonomic nervous system (Iwa and Sakita, 1994;Imai et al, 2008), the cellular mechanism still remains unclear. The effects of acupuncture on gastrointestinal function are mostly investigated using electric stimulation (Lin et al, 1997), and in conscious dogs application of electro-acupuncture to points ST-36 and PC-6 has been shown to enhance the gastric migrating motor complex and acceleration of liquid gastric emptying through enhanced vagal activity, thus improving gastric slow wave rhythm and enhancing antral contractile activity (Qian et al, 1999). The effects of acupuncture also vary depending on the points where it is applied, with site specific inhibitory or stimulatory effects of acupuncture on gastric motility being noted (Kametani et al, 1979;Sato et al, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acupuncture modulates mechanical responses of smooth muscle produced by transmural nerve stimulation in gastric antrum of genetically hyperglycemic rats

Fukuta

Koshita

Nakamura

et al. 2009

J. Smooth Muscle Res.

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Effects of acupuncture treatment on mechanical responses produced by transmural nerve stimulation (TNS) and acetylcholine (ACh) were investigated in circular smooth muscle preparations isolated from the antrum of the stomach of genetically hyperglycemic rats. While control rats had blood glucose levels of about 140 mg/dl, this was approximately tripled in the genetically hyperglycemic rats, but only doubled in the acupuncture treated genetically hyperglycemic rats. Antrum smooth muscle produced phasic contractions spontaneously, with a similar frequency and amplitude in the three groups of rats. Effects of atropine and N ω -nitro-L-arginine (L-NA) on TNS-induced responses revealed that in the antrum smooth muscle of the control rats, cholinergic excitatory, non-adrenergic noncholinergic excitatory (NANCE), nitrergic inhibitory and off-responses produced projections: the last projection was considered to be non-adrenergic non-cholinergic nonnitrergic (NANCNN) in nature. In genetically hyperglycemic rats, nitrergic and NANCNN projections were enhanced and NANCE projections were absent. Acupuncture treated genetically hyperglycemic rats showed a reduction of NANCNN projection and enhancement of cholinergic projection, with no alteration to nitrergic projection, but a recovery of NANCE projection. ACh elicited inhibitory responses at low concentrations (1-30 nM) and excitatory responses at high concentrations (100-300 nM), in the three groups of rats. L-NA converted the ACh-induced inhibitory responses to excitatory responses. Immunohistochemical examination indicated no significant difference in the distribution of c-Kit expressing cells in the antrum smooth muscle from the three groups of rats. The results indicated that in antral smooth muscle, hyperglycemia was associated with enhanced activity in nitrergic and NANCNN projections and attenuation of NANCE projections, and that acupuncture treatment caused both a reduced blood glucose level and attenuated NANCNN projections. In genetically hyperglycemic rats, cholinergic responses were enhanced by acupuncture, possibly due to the enhanced cholinergic projections, with no change in the sensitivity of postjunctional muscarinic receptors to ACh.

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Effects of electroacupuncture on gastric motility in dogs

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Electroacupuncture improves impaired gastric motility and slow waves induced by rectal distension in dogs

Electroacupuncture improves impaired gastric motility and slow waves induced by rectal distension in dogs

Dual effects of acupuncture on gastric motility in conscious rats

Acupuncture modulates mechanical responses of smooth muscle produced by transmural nerve stimulation in gastric antrum of genetically hyperglycemic rats

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