Effects of electrode size and surface morphology on electrode polarization in physiological buffers

Koklu, Anil; Mansoorifar, Amin; Beşkök, Ali

doi:10.1002/elps.201800303

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Therefore, the resistance of the microfluidic system is required to be able to accurately quantify the rate of heat generation. Microfluidic-based impedance spectroscopy is a useful technique for identifying the resistance of the system in a frequency spectrum. − A high-precision impedance analyzer (4194A, Agilent) is used to measure the impedance spectrum of the microfluidic device when filled with 1.4 S/m conductive PBS solution. The terminals of the side electrodes are connected to the low and high terminals of the impedance analyzer using a test fixture (HP 16047A) in a four terminal configuration and the measurements are carried out at 401 discrete frequency points from 100 Hz to 10 MHz at 20 mV.…”

Section: Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Temperature Rise in Alternating Current Electrothermal Flow Using Thermoreflectance Method

et al. 2019

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Alternating current electrothermal flow (ACET) induced by Joule heating is utilized to transport biologically relevant liquids in microchannels using simple electrode designs. However, Joule heating may cause significant temperature rises, which can degrade biological species, and hence, ACET may become impractical for biomicrofluidic sensors and other possible applications. In this study, the temperature rise at the electrode/electrolyte interface during ACET flow is measured using a high-resolution, noninvasive, thermoreflectance imaging method, which is generally utilized in microelectronics thermal imaging applications. The experimental findings reveal that Joule heating could result in an excessive temperature rise, exceeding 50 °C at higher voltage levels (20 Vpp). The measured data are compared with the results of the enhanced ACET theoretical model, which predicts the temperature rise accurately, even at high levels of applied voltages. Overall, our study provides a temperature measurement technique that is used for the first time for electrode/electrolyte systems. The reported results are critical in designing biomicrofluidic systems with significant energy dissipation in conductive fluids.

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Section: Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Temperature Rise in Alternating Current Electrothermal Flow Using Thermoreflectance Method

et al. 2019

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“…The stability of modified electrode was also crucial to the subsequence results. Many studies show that the electrode surface was not absolutely smooth [41], thus make the MIP films coated on the surface tightly during the UV polymerization process. Furthermore, after elution, a threedimensional network porous structure formed on the MIP modified electrode surface.…”

Section: Spermidine-imprinted Modified Electrode Elution Time and Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-assembled Imprinted Polymer Film-Based Sensor System for Spermidine on Screen Printed Electrodes

Huang¹,

Chang²,

Zhu³

2020

J Food Chem Nanotechnol

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Spermidine (SPD) is an important signal molecule relate to protein food safety, but vulnerable to interference during detection. Here, an electrochemical sensor system for the spermidine detection was developed by a self-assembled molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) film coated on disposable screenprinted electrodes. The modification imprinted polymer was prepared with template molecules SPD and functional monomer meth acrylic acid (MA) with molar ratio 1:4 through ultraviolet polymerization. The cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry (CV and DPV) scanning showed that the best adsorption equilibrium time of the modified electrodes was 360 s. The electrodes exhibited good linear relationship ranging from 1.0 × 10 −6 mol/L to 5.0 × 10 −6 mol/L (y = −1.22x+7.82, R 2 = 0.9952), and the detection limit was 1.7016 × 10 −7 mol/L. When take high concentration of histamine and tyramine as interfering components, the modified electrodes detection relative standard deviation was < 5% and thus proved good anti-interference ability. In addition, the density function theory (DFT) calculation explored the intera-molecular interaction of SPD-MA imprinted complex, and the simulation showed that the prepared device can keep recognition stability under the potential difference stress range from 0 to 0.005 a.u. Therefore, the prepared system has the potential for rapid detection spermidine in the place.

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“…3D nanostructured electrodes can be introduced to enhance sensor sensitivity because they increase the amount of the active binding sites, and consequently, the absorbed volume of target molecules [47][48][49][50] . Another fundamental limitation of usage of planar surface electrodes is the onset of electrode polarization (EP) that potentially overwhelms the impedance spectra at the low-frequency range (< 10 MHz) depending on electrode size 51,52 . Ions in the electrolyte move towards the electrode surface, leading to a massive interfacial impedance and causing a high-applied voltage drop, which decreases the sensitivity of the measurement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…47−50 Another fundamental limitation of usage of planar surface electrodes is the onset of electrode polarization (EP) that potentially overwhelms the impedance spectra at the low-frequency range (<10 MHz) depending on electrode size. 51,52 Ions in the electrolyte move toward the electrode surface, leading to a massive interfacial impedance and causing a high-applied voltage drop, which decreases the sensitivity of the measurement. The most effective way to diminish the EP is to enlarge the electrode's effective surface area by depositing nanostructures on the electrode surface.…”

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confidence: 99%

Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Nanomolecules by an AC Electrothermal Flow Facilitated Impedance Immunosensor

et al. 2020

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Conventional immunosensors typically rely on passive diffusion dominated transport of analytes for binding reaction and hence, it is limited by low sensitivity and long detection times. We report a simple and efficient impedance sensing method that can be utilized to overcome both sensitivity and diffusion limitations of immunosensors. This method incorporates the structural advantage of nanorod-covered interdigitated electrodes and the microstirring effect of AC electrothermal flow (ACET) with impedance spectroscopy. ACET flow induced by a biased AC electric field can rapidly convect the analyte onto nanorod structured electrodes within a few seconds and enriches the number of binding molecules because of excessive effective surface area. We performed numerical simulations to investigate the effect of ACET flow on the biosensor performance. The results indicated that AC bias to the side electrodes could induce fast convective flow, which facilitates the transport of the target molecules to the binding region located in the middle as a floating electrode. The temperature rise due to the Joule heating effect was measured using a thermoreflectance imaging method to find the optimum device operation conditions. The change of impedance caused by the receptors-target molecules binding at the sample/electrode interface was experimentally measured and quantified in real-time using the impedance spectroscopy technique. We observed that the impedance sensing method exhibited extremely fast response compared with those under no bias conditions. The measured impedance change can reach saturation in a minute. Compared to the conventional incubation method, the ACET flow enhanced method is faster in its reaction time, and the detection limit can be reduced to 1 ng/ml.In this work, we demonstrate that this sensor technology is promising and reliable for rapid, sensitive, and real-time monitoring biomolecules in biologically relevant media such as blood, urine, and saliva.

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Effects of electrode size and surface morphology on electrode polarization in physiological buffers

Cited by 14 publications

References 59 publications

Characterization of Temperature Rise in Alternating Current Electrothermal Flow Using Thermoreflectance Method

Characterization of Temperature Rise in Alternating Current Electrothermal Flow Using Thermoreflectance Method

Self-assembled Imprinted Polymer Film-Based Sensor System for Spermidine on Screen Printed Electrodes

Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Nanomolecules by an AC Electrothermal Flow Facilitated Impedance Immunosensor

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